Psych 380 1st EditionExam # 1 Study Guide Lectures: 1 - 7Lecture 1 (September 2nd)Vocabulary:Tourette’s disorder – disorder in which a person feels compelled to perform a certain behavior such as flailing of limbs, head jerks, strange noises, etc.What does it mean to be abnormal?-Any behavior that varies from the norm-Doesn’t include cultural behaviors (some cultures do things that seem normal to them but are not normal for other cultures)Ex. Ramadan is a holiday when Muslim people fast for the entire day.Text Ch. 1: Overview to understanding abnormal behaviorLecture 2 (September 4th) Vocabulary:Tardive dyskinesia – uncontrollable deformity of facial movements (no control over face), ex. Drooling. This is an irreversible disorder.Diathesis – stress – psychological theory that attempts to explain behavior is predisposition vulnerability together with stress from life experiences. This can be genetic, psychological, biological, or situational.Protective factor - conditions or attributes (skills, strengths, resources, supports or coping strategies) in individuals, families, communities, or larger societies that help people deal more effectively.Schizophrenia concordance in identical twins – If one twin develops schizophrenia the other twin is only about 50% likely to develop it as well. This is due to protective factors.TextbookConcordance – this is used in twin studies. If one twin develops a mental disorder, psychologists look at the likelihood of their twin getting that same disorder as well. Biopsychosocial model – a general model or approach stating that biological, psychological, and social factors all play a significant role in human functioning in the context of disease or illness.Definition of mental disorder in DSM5 –1.A behavioral or psychological syndrome or pattern that occurs in an individual2.That reflects an underlying psychobiological dysfunction.3.The consequences of which are clinically significant distress (painful symptom) or disability(impairment in one or more important areas of functioning).4.Must not be merely an expectable response to common stressors or losses (for example, the loss of a loved one) or a culturally sanctioned response to a particular event (for example, trance states in religious rituals)5.That is not primarily a result of social deviance or conflicts with societyIncidence vs. prevalence – incidence is a measure of the risk of developing some new condition within a specific period of time. Prevalence is the proportion of cases in the population at a given time rather than rate of occurrence of new cases.Case study: Andrew- Andrew was Dr. Halgin’s first patient- 20 year old man from New York- Andrew had been in the psychiatric ward for six months because of hallucination he had been having- Andrew’s hallucination/delusion:- Perceived three Martians to be with him and believed that they were his friends- Talked to them- Considered them important to him- Diagnosed with schizophrenia- Attempted treatment:o Antipsychotic medications Major tranquilizers Sedate people who are very agitated Andrew prescribed 400 mg/day Side effects:- “Mummy” effect- Makes your body very stiff- Irregular movements- Similar to people with Parkinson’s - Can also cause tardive dyskinesia No matter how high a dosage Andrew was prescribed, this did not get rid of the Martians he sawo Andrew’s treatment history: Had been seeing another psychologist previously- His previous doctor tried to disprove his Martianso First meeting with doctor Halgin: Andrew requests 4 chairs at their session so that his Martian friends can sit as well- Dr. Halgin says that Andrew can bring in chairs if he wants, but will not bring the chairs in for him.- Dr. Halgin does this so as to not encourage Andrew’s behavior but obliges to Andrew bringing in chairs so that Andrew will still talk truthfully to him Andrew asks, “Can you see the Martians?” Dr. Halgin, “I respect that you believe in them, how did you get to this point in your life?”- What happened leading up to Andrew seeing Martianso A year ago he was accepted to an elite school, was on the baseball team, and had a girlfriendo As soon as he gets to schools things start to go wrongo The baseball team cuts himo His girlfriend dumps himo Andrew starts doing hard core drugs – LSD, hallucinogens, etc.o He gives up on school by October and fails all of his classeso When he is home one weekend, his parents come home to find him on the floor of their garage convulsing. They call 911 and he gets sent to the hospital He had inhaled a bottle of Raid insecticide When asked why he had done that he said that he had bugs in his body and that he needed to eradicate themo Andrew stopped eating o Andrew’s family was very well off and had high expectations for Andrew His family saw him as a disgrace they didn’t want him to go to therapy because it would embarrass them they told him to keep his problems to himselfo he was sent back to the hospital after doing very high levels of LSD it was at this point when he was in the hospital that he starts seeing the Martians- All of this stress Andrew was feeling played a big role in his psychosis- Back to Andrew…o The Martians provided Andrew with comfort and friends when he felt like he had noneo They give him someone to trust/confide in- Emotional connectednesso The brain wants tranquility. When it is in chaos, it will do what it can to return to tranquility. - Protective factorso Even when someone is exposed to a particular disorder there can be certain things that protect them from getting it.o For example: Twins have exactly the same genetic make up  If one twin gets schizophrenia there is only a concordance rate of 48% (not 100%) despite their genetic make up It is likely that one receives protective factors through their personal life experiences- Andrew:o Took him off medicationo Dr. Halgin told him that you can keep your hallucinations privateo You have to learn to accept that they are there and that only you see themo He was discharged to a halfway houseo Works as a night watchman at a bank (great job for him where his Martians can be there)o He is getting married and very well-off nowMovie during class; At this point in the lecture we watched a 10 minute excerpt from the movie “A beautiful mind” with Russell Crowe. The movie is about a genius