Psych 380 1st Edition Exam 1 Study Guide Lectures 1 7 Lecture 1 September 2nd Vocabulary Tourette s disorder disorder in which a person feels compelled to perform a certain behavior such as flailing of limbs head jerks strange noises etc What does it mean to be abnormal Any behavior that varies from the norm Doesn t include cultural behaviors some cultures do things that seem normal to them but are not normal for other cultures Ex Ramadan is a holiday when Muslim people fast for the entire day Text Ch 1 Overview to understanding abnormal behavior Lecture 2 September 4th Vocabulary Tardive dyskinesia uncontrollable deformity of facial movements no control over face ex Drooling This is an irreversible disorder Diathesis stress psychological theory that attempts to explain behavior is predisposition vulnerability together with stress from life experiences This can be genetic psychological biological or situational Protective factor conditions or attributes skills strengths resources supports or coping strategies in individuals families communities or larger societies that help people deal more effectively Schizophrenia concordance in identical twins If one twin develops schizophrenia the other twin is only about 50 likely to develop it as well This is due to protective factors Textbook Concordance this is used in twin studies If one twin develops a mental disorder psychologists look at the likelihood of their twin getting that same disorder as well Biopsychosocial model a general model or approach stating that biological psychological and social factors all play a significant role in human functioning in the context of disease or illness Definition of mental disorder in DSM5 1 A behavioral or psychological syndrome or pattern that occurs in an individual 2 That reflects an underlying psychobiological dysfunction 3 The consequences of which are clinically significant distress painful symptom or disability impairment in one or more important areas of functioning 4 Must not be merely an expectable response to common stressors or losses for example the loss of a loved one or a culturally sanctioned response to a particular event for example trance states in religious rituals 5 That is not primarily a result of social deviance or conflicts with society Incidence vs prevalence incidence is a measure of the risk of developing some new condition within a specific period of time Prevalence is the proportion of cases in the population at a given time rather than rate of occurrence of new cases Case study Andrew Andrew was Dr Halgin s first patient 20 year old man from New York Andrew had been in the psychiatric ward for six months because of hallucination he had been having Andrew s hallucination delusion Perceived three Martians to be with him and believed that they were his friends Talked to them Considered them important to him Diagnosed with schizophrenia Attempted treatment o Antipsychotic medications Major tranquilizers Sedate people who are very agitated Andrew prescribed 400 mg day Side effects Mummy effect Makes your body very stiff Irregular movements Similar to people with Parkinson s Can also cause tardive dyskinesia No matter how high a dosage Andrew was prescribed this did not get rid of the Martians he saw o Andrew s treatment history Had been seeing another psychologist previously His previous doctor tried to disprove his Martians o First meeting with doctor Halgin Andrew requests 4 chairs at their session so that his Martian friends can sit as well Dr Halgin says that Andrew can bring in chairs if he wants but will not bring the chairs in for him Dr Halgin does this so as to not encourage Andrew s behavior but obliges to Andrew bringing in chairs so that Andrew will still talk truthfully to him Andrew asks Can you see the Martians Dr Halgin I respect that you believe in them how did you get to this point in your life What happened leading up to Andrew seeing Martians o A year ago he was accepted to an elite school was on the baseball team and had a girlfriend o As soon as he gets to schools things start to go wrong o o o o o The baseball team cuts him His girlfriend dumps him Andrew starts doing hard core drugs LSD hallucinogens etc He gives up on school by October and fails all of his classes When he is home one weekend his parents come home to find him on the floor of their garage convulsing They call 911 and he gets sent to the hospital He had inhaled a bottle of Raid insecticide When asked why he had done that he said that he had bugs in his body and that he needed to eradicate them o Andrew stopped eating o Andrew s family was very well off and had high expectations for Andrew His family saw him as a disgrace they didn t want him to go to therapy because it would embarrass them they told him to keep his problems to himself o he was sent back to the hospital after doing very high levels of LSD it was at this point when he was in the hospital that he starts seeing the Martians All of this stress Andrew was feeling played a big role in his psychosis Back to Andrew o The Martians provided Andrew with comfort and friends when he felt like he had none o They give him someone to trust confide in Emotional connectedness o The brain wants tranquility When it is in chaos it will do what it can to return to tranquility Protective factors o Even when someone is exposed to a particular disorder there can be certain things that protect them from getting it o For example Twins have exactly the same genetic make up If one twin gets schizophrenia there is only a concordance rate of 48 not 100 despite their genetic make up It is likely that one receives protective factors through their personal life experiences Andrew o Took him off medication o Dr Halgin told him that you can keep your hallucinations private o You have to learn to accept that they are there and that only you see them o He was discharged to a halfway house o Works as a night watchman at a bank great job for him where his Martians can be there o He is getting married and very well off now Movie during class At this point in the lecture we watched a 10 minute excerpt from the movie A beautiful mind with Russell Crowe The movie is about a genius John Nash won the Nobel Prize who develops schizophrenia and has multiple hallucinations He imagines three different hallucinations a young girl an FBI agent and a young man who he considers one of his best friends These hallucinations show up when he is most stressed One question