BS 161 1st Edition Lecture 23 Outline of Last Lecture I Cell cell interactions Outline of Current Lecture II Cell cell interactions concluded III Cell cycle Current Lecture second messengers small nonprotein molecules or ions they amplify the signal examples cAMP IP3 DAG calcium Ca2 cyclic AMP cAMP made from ATP by an enzyme called adenylyl cyclase activates protein kinase A know what a kinase cascade looks like and does picture in book and on slide 38 from lecture a kinase cascade causes amplification glucose 1 phosphate doesn t exit the cell because the phosphate causes it to be charged and it doesn t look enough like glucose to pass through the membrane IP3 and DAG are made from membrane phospholipids by the enzyme phospholipase C they act to open up calcium channels in the endoplasmic reticulum scaffolding protein complexes of proteins look like three proteins linked together different cells can respond differently to the same signal if they have different intracellular transduction pathways cell cycle the life of the cell until it divides cell division cell reproduction cell proliferation chromosome replication starts at one ori origin of replication later a cell wall forms between separated nucleoids
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