HD 300 1st Edition Lecture 2 Outline of Last Lecture I Definition of Child Abuse II Incidence Outline of Current Lecture I Historical View of Children II Justification for Abuse III Mutilation IV Infanticide V Sexual Misuse of Children VI Legal Action VII Justification for Prevention of Child Abuse Current Lecture Historical view of children Historically children were viewed as property of their fathers Patria Postestas ownership of children Patriarchy Fathers were the boss Important terms will be tested on these Until the 20th century children were viewed and treated as little adults Justification for Abuse Maintain discipline Transmit educational ideas Abuse in schools Please certain Gods Sacrifice Expel evil spirits Beating the devil out of the child Religious beliefs and practices Political agendas King Herod Put out an order to kill everyone under age two Holocaust Mutilation These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Male circumcision Most common operation performed Pros Cleanliness Prevents phimosis the foreskin getting closed together Causing infection and making it difficult to get an erection for older men Prevents the need for circumcision later on by choice or need Cons Hemorrhage or infection by doctor error not as common anymore Scarring May reduce sexual satisfaction extremely rare Female genital mutilation FGM Estimated two million females each year In 1993 WHO called for its elimination Cultural occurrence Mostly in Africa and the middle East December 2012 UN called for a global ban Reasons causes psychological physiological sexual and reproductive harm UN launched education programs Some immigrants to the US request a ceremonial version of FGM Small cut in the clitoral hood Complications of FGM Hemorrhage infection and tissue damage At time of procedure At time of intercourse During and following childbirth Life long complications trouble urinating bleeding etc Death at time of procedure following childbirth or during intercourse if the man is not willing to wait for her to be stretched out especially in infibulation Three types of FGM mostly all done in unsanitary places not by doctor 1 Sunna mildest form a Removal of all or part of the clitoris 2 Excision a Removal of clitoris and the labia minora 3 Infibulation Most severe and most common a Removal of clitoris labia minora and part of the labia majora b Sutured leaving only a tiny hole for urine and menstrual flow i When she gets married husband must slowly create a bigger hole Other mutilations Number one mutilation is of the genitals Foot binding see handout 1 in 10 girls die infection Eventually bones in mid foot would be broken Other forms of binding Neck or head cranial deformation Plates in earlobes and lips Vicious mutilation Hurting the child so the child can beg and make more money Ex blinding burning cutting limbs breaking limbs etc Infanticide Historically Killing of a newborn with consent from parents family or community Patria Postestas The idea that the father owns the child Determining whether the child is human Whether the soul has joined the body Whether the child has taken the first breath Whether the child had been given food yet Reasons for infanticide Population control Control individual family size China only allowed one child and boys are favored girls are killed given up for adoption left outside etc Illegitimacy Parents aren t married Maternal health reasons mental illness Mother can t take care of the child Greed for money and or power Superstition Infanticide currently Postpartum depression psychosis Throw away infants dumpster babies airport babies Almost all states have laws to protect mother as long as she drops the baby off at a police department or fire station Immature impatient caregivers Other caregiver factors Drug use meth is the highest Alcoholism Depression or other mental illness Aggressiveness and anger against spouse other parent most commonly Methods of infanticide Blood is rarely shed Drowning smothering strangulation beating poisoning incineration burial while alive Ritual sacrifice Blood and knives often used for this Overlaying Smothering child while sleeping Now most unwanted children are aborted rather than killed after they are born Sexual Misuse of Children Long history for both boys and girls Sixteenth century Recognition of sexual exploitations of children Nineteenth century Sexual abuse was known to be wrong so it was hidden More of a taboo than a law 20th 21st centuries child pornagraphy flourishes child trafficking is a world wide problem sexual abuse occurs inside and outside the home recognized as abuse and legal action is taken Legal Action 1874 Landmark Mary Ellen Case Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Laws were in place against mistreatment of animals but not children That group brought the case to court saying humans are mammals 1875 Society for the Preventions of Cruelty to Children 1930 Social Security Act mandated child welfare services 1946 John Caffey reported non accidental trauma through x rays 1962 Dr Henry Kempe described The Battered Child Syndrome Now the medical world was learning how to recognize abuse Currently national laws Various child labor laws in place 1996 The National Child Protection Act the Oprah Law If a person is convicted of a sexual felony they go on a national registry Problem people pleading down to misdemeanor don t go on the list 1997 Meghan s Law Girl kidnapped raped and murdered by her neighbor convicted felon If a person is convicted of a sexual felony he she has to report to the police neighbors community members in the newspaper 2003 Amber Alert Law Elizabeth Smart 2003 Ban on partial birth abortion If the fetus baby is up to a certain point of development 2004 Lacy and Conner Law Pregnant wife murdered by husband If you kill a pregnant women now you can be charged with two counts of murder 2012 Jessica s Law A neighbor kidnapped raped and buried alive a child He was a convicted sexual felon but the state FL lost track of him If a person is convicted of a sexual felony it is a minimum of 25 years no option of parole second time LIFE Most states have some form of this Justification for Prevention of Child Abuse Causes immediate and often permanent damage physical and mental Can be fatal Intereres with normal growth and development Can lead to problem behaviors later on in life Very costly to the