HD 300 1st Edition Lecture 6 Outline of Last Lecture I Corporal Punishment Outline of Current Lecture I Spanking II Cultural differences in the Unites States III Is spanking violence IV Hitting Children v Hitting Wives V Myths about Spanking VI Short Term Effects VII Long Term Effects VIII Neurological Effects IX Corporal Punishment in Schools X Conclusions XI Alternatives to Spanking XII Shaken Baby Syndrome a defined Current Lecture Spanking Age at which children are most often spanked o Begins in infancy Can you imagine spanking a baby Happens when they have colic and won t stop crying o Peaks at age 2 4 o Declines as the child gets older on average not in every household o Approximately 25 of children age 15 17 are still being spanked Boys are spanked more but not much more Cultural Differences USA Research suggests research never proves anything o Highest incidence in African American families o Lowest incidence in Asian American families o Highest rates in southern states followed by Midwestern states o Lowest rates in Northeast and far Western states These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Is Spanking Violence Violence the intention to cause or pain or injury Both corporal punishment and violence are intentional If a parent causes injury while spanking it is violent and physically abusive Hitting Children vs Hitting Wives Hitting children is socially acceptable and legal However hitting a wife is a crime now Children often believe they deserve to be hit So do battered wives Hitting children usually does not result in injury Only about 3 of assaults on women require medical attention Hitting children results in emotional trauma similar to that suffered by battered women Minor assaults on wives can escalate into severe violence Corporal punishment can escalate in abuse Myths see handout Examples o o o o o o o o o Short Term see handout Research findings show that spanking is related to o o o o o o o Long Term Spanking works better Spanking is harmless One or two times will not cause damage Parents can t stop without training Children will be spoiled if they are not spanked Parents rarely spank and only for serious problems Parents stop spanking when the child is a teen If parents don t spank they will use verbal abuse Expecting parents not to spank is unrealistic Effects Fear of the parent Shame degradation humiliation Feelings of unworthiness and rejection Erosion of trust Child complies only when the parent is present Child imitates the parents behavior Internal and external behavior problems Effects see handout Parental coercion is positively correlated with delinquency and other criminal behavior later on particularly crimes such as assault o Children grow up and adopt it as their own parenting style o Virtually all prison inmates incarcerated for harming other people have a history of severe corporal punishment in their backgrounds Neurological Effects o research shows o when a child is corporally punished the boy reacts pour out hormones flight flight syndrome is triggered brain focuses on survival not on what the parent is saying child often cannot remember the rationale for the spanking Corporal Punishment in Schools Children s Defense Fund every day in America more than 3 000 students are corporally punished legal sanction vary from state to state o some states and some mid western states condone it o northeast and northwest states generally condemn it often parents give permission for school officials to corporally punish the child 22 states still allow corporal punishment Some states permit it under any circumstances Others permit it only under specific circumstances It is illegal in some states In some states any school official can hit a child Some states permit only specified officials to mete out physical punishment In some states the teacher can be fired for using corporal punishment on a child Interesting fact Poland was the first COUNTRY to ban corporal punishment in schools in 1783 Conclusions Almost every American child has been hit by his or her parent s Corporal punishment may begin in infancy peaks by ages 2 4 and then declines The percentage of parents who approve of corporal punishment is declining but still remains relatively high Animals do not respond well to corporal punishment neither do children Alternatives to Spanking Try to find the reason for the child s behavior Consider the child s age and stage of development when evaluating behavior and considering methods of discipline Examples o Express displeasure at the behavior not with the child o Talk out the problem o Praise the child for good behavior o Take away privileges o Ground the child o Use the time out technique o Assign extra chores o The discipline should be appropriate for the behavior o Time out o logical consequences Mindful parenting o Listening with full attention o Nonjudgmental acceptance of self and child No one is perfect Children are going to make mistakes children are going to make mistakes o Emotional awareness o Self regulation in the parenting relationship Unit 6 Physical Abuse Shaken Baby Syndrome Video shown in class on shaken baby syndrome Also known as Shaken Impact Syndrome 1970 s recognized by medical community Acceleration and deceleration forces on the brain causes o Shearing issues o Rupture of retinal blood vessels o Intra cranial brain hemorrhage o Various types of neurological damage 10 20 of SBS cases result in death Signs and Symptoms of SBS o Unusually lethargic or irritable o Unconsciousness o Seizures o Bulging on the anterior fontanel o Finger marks bruises on the torso or extremities o CT MRI scan shows brain hemorrhage o Raccoon eyes resulting from retinal bleeding Consequences o Visual impairment or blindness o Hearing impairment or deafness o Cerebral palsy o Learning disabilities o Paralysis o Death Notes from the movie o o o Parents may be unaware that shaking is dangerous and abusive Most often perpetrated by young fathers Can by caused by Shaking Bouncing the baby hard Vigorous tossing of baby in the air Jogging with baby in backpack Any other activity that causes whip like motion of the infant s head