PSCY 4600 1nd Edition Lecture 3 Outline of Last Lecture I Psychology of the Ancients a Prominent figures an themes in the development of psychology II Early Greek Medicine a Alemaeon b Hippocates III Philosophical Thoughts of the Roman Period a Skepticism b Cynicism c Stoicism d Epicureanism Outline of Current Lecture I The Middle Ages a Important Influences b Transmission of Ideas II The Renaissance a Printing b Science i Key Figures III Trends Current Lecture The Middle Ages o 1000 years between 5th century and the Renaissance 15th century o Early Middle ages Dark Ages Tribes vied for control across Europe Collapse of Roman Currency infrastructure law and learning o Largely influenced by Christianity Main concern in philosophy is the soul o Respected the ancients Plato and Aristotle in particular o Important Influences St Augustine of Hippo 354 430 CE Sent to Carthage to study rhetoric and law These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Islam Ultimate goal of understanding the human mind Knowing God Truth dwells in every person Disclosed internal life in Confessions Believed Humans have freedom of choice Knowledge without faith is incomplete Set the tone for the next millennium 7th century the prophet Muhammad established Islamic civilization Muslim scholars preserved many works of antiquity Roman and Greek Islamic scholars of interest Avicenna ibn Sina 980 1037 Preserved and updated Aristotle s ideas Humans have the potential to know but it requires experiences Physician and influential writings specifically the Cannon hugely influential Averroes ibn Rushd 1126 1198 Preserved and commented on Aristotle Considered Aristotle to be perfection The Commentator Largely responsible for introducing secular thought to Western World Led to scholasticism in Medieval Europe Can study philosophy and religion without conflict St Thomas Aquinas 1225 1274 Championed separation of philosophy and theology Faith and reason are compatible so they can be considered together or separate William Ockham 1285 1349 Born neat present day London Rejected central assumptions of the Church Known for Ockham s razor Arguments should have their extraneous assumptions removed Influenced the Law of Parsimony 2 equally probable explanations the one with the fewest assumptions is preferred Development of Universities in Europe Late 12th 13th centuries 14 total universities built Eventually vital to the development of science o Transmission of ideas The Crusades 11th 13th centuries Council of Constance 1414 1418 First interdisciplinary meeting Met in Modern Konztanz in southern Germany The Renaissance o Rebirth revival of classical art literature architecture 14th 16th centuries Great increase in learning and spread of knowledge Influenced by the Universities and printing Main theme is humanism or what does it mean to be human o Printing 1450 Johannes Gutenberg Movable typed Could print books with greater cost efficiency o Science Key figures Nicolaus Copernicus 1473 1543 Polish Concluded that geocentric view was incorrect Contrary to Church doctrine Received with hostility Giordano Bruno 1548 1600 Dominican monk Defended Copernicus Extended heliocentrism the idea that the sun is the center of the known universe Burned at the stake Galileo Galilei 1564 1642 Used telescope to observe heavens Concluded the Copernicus was correct Worked on what we would call today sensation and perception primary and secondary qualities William Harvey 1578 1657 English Research focus on heart movement and blood motion Method was observational and experimental Heart doesn t make blood but pumps it Paved the way for experimental biology Isaac Newton 1642 1727 Light and optics Refraction o White light to composite Recombination Most known for his work in Gravity and Calculus Influenced British empiricists and structuralists Went mad due to mercury poisoning later part of life devoted to alchemy Baruch Spinoza 1632 1677 Ground and polished lenses early microscopes telescopes and eyeglasses Was excommunicated from the local Jewish community for believes Believed that everything was determined Free will was an illusion Mind body problem are the mental world and physical worlds distinct Argued for double aspectism two sides of a coin Psychic determinism behavior by mental causes Forerunner of psychoanalysis Trends The world and human nature operates according to laws Which we can observe and explain Increased reliance on observation and measurement as opposed to introspection Getting closer to the science and psychology we know today