Psych 101 1nd Edition Lecture 6 Outline of Last Lecture I Ethics Outline of Current Lecture II Neurons Current Lecture Chapter 2 Module 5 Neurons 1 What are neurons a Basic element of the Nervous System 2 Describe the structure of the neuron a Dendrites i Clusters of fibers that receive messages from other neurons b Cell body i Similar to the nucleus of a cell c Axon i Carries messages received by the dendrites to other neurons d Myelin sheath i Fat and protein coating ii Multiple sclerosis Damaged Myelin sheath e Terminal buttons i Or axon terminal ii Sends messages to other neurons 3 Describe the transmission of a message from neuron to neuron a All or none law i Neuron either fires or it doesn t b Resting state i Electrical charge of the neuron before it fires ii Negative before firing c Action potential i The electrical impulse that causes the neuron to fire d Synapse These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute 4 5 6 7 i The space between two neurons where the axon of a sending neuron communicates with the dendrites of a receiving neuron by using chemical messages Specialized neurons Mirror neurons a Fire when you exhibit a certain behavior or you see someone else exhibiting a certain behavior Stubbing toe reflex What is a neurotransmitter a Chemicals that carry messages across the synapse to a dendrite and sometimes the cell body of a receiving neuron Describe the types of messages carried by neurotransmitters a Excitatory i A chemical message that makes it more likely that a receiving neuron will fire and an action potential will travel down its axon b Inhibitory i A chemical message that prevents or decreases the likelihood that a receiving neuron will fire c Reuptake i The reabsorption of neurotransmitters by a terminal button Give functions of the key neurotransmitters a Acetylcholine i Transmits messages to skeletal muscles b Glutamate i Process of memories c Gamma amino butyric acid GABA i Nervous systems primary inhibitory neurotransmitter d Dopamine i Movement attention and learning e Serotonin i The regulation of sleep f Endorphins i Painkiller euphoric feelings