PSYCH 101 1nd Edition Lecture 9 Outline of Last Lecture I Hearing and Other Sense Outline of Current Lecture II Perceptual Organization Current Lecture 1 Distinguish perception from sensation review a Perception an attempt to construct a meaningful situation b Sensation Initial response to a stimulus i What do we mean by figure in perception 1 Object being perceived ii What is ground 1 Background spaces within the object 2 Distinguish between the Gestalt approach and feature analysis a Feature analysis Breakdown into features and process separately b Gestalt principles i Closure we tend to group elements together to form enclosed complete figures ii Proximity We perceive elements that are closer as grouped together iii Similarity we perceive similar elements to be grouped together iv Simplicity when we observe a pattern we perceive it in the most basic way 3 Distinguish between top down and bottom up processing a Top down processing Perception that is guided by higher level knowledge experience expectations and motivation b Bottom up processing Perception that consists of the progression of recognizing and processing information from individual components of a stimuli and moving to the perception of the whole 4 Explain perceptual consistency a The phenomenon in which physical objects are perceived as unvarying and consistent despite changes in their appearance or in physical environment 5 The ability to view the world in 3 D and to perceive distance is called depth perception a Binocular disparity Difference in images seen by the left eye and the right eye These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute b Monocular cues Cues that permit us to obtain a sense of depth and distance with just ONE eye i Motion Parallax Change in position of an object on the retina caused by movement of the body relative to the object ii Linear perspective Estimating distance allows 2 D image on retina to record 3 D world iii Relative size Objects farther away look smaller than objects that are closer iv Texture gradient Provides information about distance because the details of objects that are far away are less distinct than objects that are closer 6 What are visual illusions a Physical stimuli that consistently produces errors in stimuli b Muller Lyer illusionthe arrow on the right looks bigger but they are both the same 7 Discuss cultural differences in depth perception a Zulu vs Westerner perspectives the Zulu are less susceptible to the illusion than are the people who grew up where most structures are built using right angles and rectangles 8 Discuss the evidence for the existence of subliminal perception a In a study people were exposed to a descriptive label prime that said something like happy smart etc they were exposed to the prime so briefly that they don t remember it but later made assumptions about the person based on that prime b Subliminal perception refers to the perception of messages about which we have no awareness i Priming descriptive label c Extrasensory perception refers to the perception that does not involve our known senses Does it exist i According to psychologists No