Psych 101 1nd Edition Lecture 3 Outline of Last Lecture I. History & FoundationsOutline of Current Lecture II. Research MethodsCurrent Lecture:Chapter 1, Module 3: Research Methods1.What is the scientific method?a.The approach used by psychologists to systematically acquire knowledge and understanding about behavior and other phenomena of interest2.2. What is the difference between fact & opinion?a.Fact- Scientific methodb.Opinion- Personal experience3.Identify the steps of the scientific methoda.Identifying questions of interestb.Formulating hypothesisc.Carry out researchd.Communicate findings4.What is a theory?a.Broad explanations and predictions concerning phenomena of interest5.What is a hypothesis?a.A prediction that can be tested6.What is an operational definition?a.Translation of a hypothesis into specific, testable procedures that can be measured and observed7.Descriptive research designsa.Archival researchi.Existing data, such as census documents, college records, etc. are examined to test a hypothesisb.Case study- In-depth intensive investigation of a single individual or small groupc.Naturalistic Observation/Ethnographyi.Investigator observes some naturally occurring behavior and does not make a change in the situationThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.d.Survey researchi.People are asked a series of questions about their behavior, thoughts, or attitudese.Correlational researchi.Variables1.Behaviors, events, or other characteristics that can change, or vary, in some way2.Correlation coefficienta.Positivei.Indicates that as the value of one variable increases, we can predict that the value of the other variable will also increaseb.Negativei.Tells us that as value of one variable increases, the value of the other decreases3.Can correlation be used to show causation?a.NO!i.Directionalityii.Third variable8.Experimental research a.Investigation of the relationship between two or more variables.i.Experimental Manipulation1.Change that experimenter deliberately producesii.Treatment1.Manipulation implemented by the experimenteriii.Experimental and Control groups1.Experimental- Receives treatment2.Control groups- No treatmentiv.Independent variable1.Manipulated by experimenterv.Dependent variable1.The variable being measuredvi.Random selection and random assignment1.Random selection- randomly chosen to participate in a study2.Random assignment- Randomly chosen for experimental or control groupsvii.Significant outcome and replication1.Significant outcome- meaningful results2.Replication- Ability to re-do the entire
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