PSCY 4600 1nd Edition Lecture 1 Outline of Last Lecture I Syllabus Overview see Syllabus for outline of classes Outline of Current Lecture I History of Psychology II Development of Modern Psychology III Comparison between Philosophy and Science IV Modern Psychology V Themes of Psychology VI Schools of Thoughts Current Lecture Why study the history of psychology o Most colleges have the course 83 93 o Requirement of most psychology departments o How did we get here Huge number of subfields of Psychology with many connections between them Ex Abnormal psyc and Child development mental disorders in young children The Development of Modern Psychology o Orgins in 5th century BCE and 1879 o Both a new and old discipline Comparison o Philosophy vs Science Philosophy Plato Aristotle 5th century BCE Subjects memories learning thoughts perception and abnormal behavior Methods intraspections Science Modern psychology About 200 years ago Subjects same Methods scientific method and intraspection Modern Psychology o Like tree These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute o Deep branches based upon philosophy and influenced by natural science with all the different branches being the interconnected disciplines of psychology social environmental etc Themes in studying the history of psychology o Data Modern data Laboratory experiment Naturalistic observation Survey Case studies Statistical analyses Data of History Can t be reconstructed Only fragments Unreliable or completely false Lost or distorted Self Serving Used to make the researcher look better Ex Skinner o Historiography How we study history Study of the methodology of historians and the development of history as a disciple and also to a body of historical work on a particular subject o Contextual forces Importance of context important with for understanding the reasons behind a particular outcome Zeitgeist the intellectual fashion or dominant school of thought that typifies and influences the culture of a particular period in time Opportunity Economic Increasing immigration at turn of 19th century Growth in public education Shift from laboratory to applied settings and problems More jobs in applied sector than in labs Even with the development of new universities psychology faculty were drastically underpaid Social WWI and WWII Personnel selection Testing Helped bring out the cognitive revolution Shift psychology s geographical center Germany other parts of Europe America Prejudice discrimination Against Women Ethnic origin Race Limited or no access to education and limited career opportunities for these groups Based on sex Denied admission to graduate school If they got a job Lower salary Barriers to promotion and tenure No way to have a husband and a career EX Mary Whiton Calkins Based on Ethnicity Jewish quotas 10 15 per class Widespread Anti Semitism Can t get a job in Academia Julian Rotter Personality Psychology Change name Abraham Maslow Harry Harlow Based on Race Considerable prejudice Historically Black Colleges helped to combat Francis Sumner received his PhD in 1917 1st African American in psychology Discrimination in graduate studies 20 66 only 0 002 of PhDs awarded to psychologists Serious employment limitations 60s present APA has been determined to bring greater diversity to the field o Who does the History of Psychology remember Researchers generally white males Doesn t recognize women people of color clinicians teachers Discrimination minimize contributions of many psychologists Conceptions of Scientific History o Personalistic Theory a philosophical school of thought searching to describe the uniqueness of a human person in the world of nature specifically in relation to animals o Naturalistic Theory A movement in literature and the arts and an approach to philosophy Schools of Thought o Wilhelm Wundt founded psychology in 1879 o Soon after others split forming different schools of thought o Remains divided into schools of thought Fragmentation o Group of psychologist ideologically or geographically associated The Vienna circle o Different methodological orientation Physiology vs introspection o May occur simultaneously o Usually led by charismatic leader o o Freud Skinner Carl Rogers Cyclical nature Schools Structuralism Titchener Functionalism James Behaviorism Watson Gestalt psychology von Ehrenfels Psychoanalysis Freud Humanistic Rogers Existential Frankl and Binswanger Rooted in existential philosophy Subjectivity of experiences and freedom of choice Often discussed with humanistic psychology Cognitive psychology Might cover but only if there is time