Biosynthesis of Membrane Phospholipids bracylglycerolateto Phosphatidic acid diacylglycerol Attach head group to 0 3 OH group New phospho headgroup phosphoric acid condenses with 2 alcohols C 3 OH head group OH Eliminates 2 He0 Attaching Phospholipid Head group Activation by CDP Either one of the alcohols is activated by attaching to CDP cytidine diphosphate free alcohol nucleophilic attack on CDp activated phosphate WithnotonQueenene e 42C 0 p 0 ne Phosphodiester Glycerophospholipid activated with CDP 0 0 R2 R R2 Strategy placylglycerol actheartachedcor ac o no ren Head So 12 Dlacylglycerol 60 group 0 1 Sine W r ne cpp diacylglycerol MP metate O P 0 H2C OM 0 W I Head actofboronat Phospholipid Synthesis in E Coli phosphatidylserine synthesized can be decarboxylated to Phosphatidylethanolamine phosphatidylglycerol synthesized by addition of CDP glycerol 3 phosphate further modification to cardioliph replacementof glycerol head group with another phospholipid Phospholipid synthesis in Eukaryotes e g replacement slightly different from bacterial ans ooe mc o o one synthesis strategyEphosphatidylglyceroenterestedacylglycerasesth of CMP rather than glycerol Hosthe macofane and o o om ac o downthee mp Mic o R1 drz 8 0 CH o O c R2 H II 0 groups can also be phosphorylated Phosphatidylinositol i mmac o prp muchnee MC 0 1 ine whicharecenterthe atoftenre Phosphatidylserine decarboxeiasecon waterone cus thee Phosphatidylethanolamine Phosphatidylglycerol oceee Hel o O CHz ch cardchPseis ePhatidylglycerol viaane duz o po curdidip in His o ri Phospholipid Synthesis in yeast phosphatidylserine is decarboxylated to phosphatidylethanolamine Bacterla enzyme is phosphatidylserine decarboxylase O 0 Microene Mp ac o o ccoo Presonationene phosphatidyl I mp orane up 42C 0 0 CHz CHa NHS serine O II Phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase Sadomete Mp o Mp o c r2 nc o 0 Hz Hs s O Phosphatidylcholine phosphatidylethanolamine acted on by S adenosylmethione methyl group donor adds 3 methyl groups to amino group phopshatidylcholine lecithin catalyzed by methyltransferase Synthesis of Phosphatidylserine Phosphatidylcholine in Mammals phosphatidylserine backwards from phosphatidyl ethanolamine phosphatidylcholine Va head group exchange reactions catalyzed by specific synthases Pathway salvages the choline 120 nq o gree M 0 0 cHa CH2 NMs M odyeine conse Meg o 2 nq 0 re phosphatidylethanolamine serinesthe Assee H20 0 4 R up o re re o 0 crz coo Phosphatidylserine Glycerol 3 phosphate Lysophosphatidate Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate 5 Acyl dihydroxyacetonte Phosphate in osttol Phosphatidate Phosphatidylinositol cpp dlacylglycerol nosphatidylglycerol 3 phosphate inositol 3 phosphate Glucose 6 phosphate rariniin Phosphatidylcholine Phosphatidylglycerol cpp choline Phosphatidyl phosphocholine cardiolipin ethanolamine dimethyl