CTE 3763 Study Guide Exam 1 Vertical Horizontal Integration o Vertical Integration significantly impacts a firm s competitive advantage in getting the right product to market at the right time and the right price another term for this is inside shops this is a manufacturing growth strategy when the SAME firm is responsible for multiple steps in the production or marketing of an apparel PRODUCT Manufacturer owned operated factories o Horizontal Integration prioritizes the acquisition or licensing of companies or brands that make or sell similar products to expand market penetration and reduce competition you buy out a competitor and integrate them into your company Contractor person or company hired by a manufacturer to do part or all of the work in producing a garment provides labor and equipment a contractor can do all or part of the work to produce a garment have no risk for the style also called outside shop o Independent business hired to provide production services Subcontractors o Can be specialty driven Inside Shops Outside Shops o Outside Shops independent contractor provides labor and equipment a contractor can do all or part of the work to produce a garment have no risk for the style o Inside Shops Vertical integration is another term for inside shop you have more control Zara is an inside shop Branded Private Labels o Branded Apparel store brand o Private Label products developed for exclusive distribution by a retailer using their proprietary brand Private label proprietary brand Import to buy goods from another country Ready to wear Pret a Porter Export to sell goods to another country Trade Deficit situation that occurs when a country imports more goods than it exports Embargo prohibition on importing a product we put embargos on companies in nations that may be doing things against our beliefs put in place to hurt a country s business Tariff a tax on imported goods another word for tariff is DUTY Quota an annual limit on the volume of a product that may be imported North American Free Trade Agreement policy creating a single North American market for goods originating in the United States Canada and Mexico promotes free trade across these countries by not having those trade barriers or added expenses to doing business with those countries TFPIA Textile Fiber Products Identification Act federal law requiring that all apparel sold in the U S have a label that identifies fiber content manufacturers and country of origin Trademark a registered brand name or symbol Trade Dress Refers to the shape and features of the product itself that are not only distinctive but also identify the manufacturer of the product Counterfeit vs Knockoff o Knockoff copy or near copy of a design under a different brand name o Counterfeit fakes or copies of currently popular brands accompanied but the illegal trademark First decision to be made for sourcing is cost followed by quality standards what requirements we have and lastly time planned capacity or output CMT cut make trim CMT contractor performs all the production operations to produce a style Sourcing production outside of the United States may be called Fiber Yarn Fabric Recognition Effects on Cost Quality Performance o Offshore production o Chapter 98 production o Outsourcing o Physical Features of Fabric Fiber Yarn Fabric Structure Color and Applied Design o Functional Performance of Fabric o Dimensional Stability o Appearance Retention o Care o Strength o Understand the Four Point System of the ASQC for Grading Fabric o Four Point System is the most popular grading system in the U S o Used to identify flaws in fabric o Assigns penalty points to the fabric based on the number of defects and the size of the defects per yard o Four or fewer points per linear square yard is considered first quality o Know the most common method to dye in localized area to produce patterns PRINTING o Dimensional stability relates to the ability to neither STRETCH nor SHRINK o Appearance retention the ability of the fabric to stay the same color retain creases resist wrinkles snagging and pilling and withstand the heat of care processes Elongation must have recovery too refers to an extensible fabric s tendency to stretch during use Elasticity fabric s ability to return to its original size after being stretched helps maintain the garment s appearance Effects of Hand understand at least the top four Standards Sizing Specifications o Standards the company s minimum specification for each garment o A standard reflects the quality level quality characteristics that are important for every garment produced Guidelines that reflect the brand s quality level o It s the expectations of the customer they know what quality they ll get with the standards o Specifications define specifically how to meet the company s standard o Specification sheet details the dynamics of a specific garment o Grading process of scaling the master size sample size of a garment to the range of sizes to be produced o Open Specs very loose a lot of fast fashion is open o Closed Specs good quality indicator brands that are known for their quality and brand image use closed specs to specifically say how they want the item produced specific requirements for construction techniques o Fit how well the garment conforms to the human body o Based on body measurements o Size system that SUGGESTS to consumers the suitability that it may fit the suitability of a garment for body dimensions Sizing classifications of the dimensions of the garments 0 14 XS XL o Based on garment measurements Five Elements of Fit o Grain grain reflects the direction of the threads o Ease the amount of difference between the body measurements and the garment Ease is imperceptible o Line the structural lines of the garment conform to the lines of the body o Balance balance between right and left and front and back o Set set is not refined when the garment pulls and wrinkles unwanted wrinkles Rise measurement from crotch level to the top of the waistband Stitches Holding the Garment Together Stitch Classes o 100 single thread chain stitch TENSION IS CRUCIAL TO CHAIN STITCHES Simple flexible economical CHAIN STITCH Fast fashion Would not be used for critical seams Advantages economical blind stitch Disadvantage unravels too easily for use in seams in quality apparel impression of low quality lacks durability o 200 Hand stitch Not a very important class more of a decorative and special purpose class Very limited use
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