KIN 2500 Axial Skeleton Supplemental Instruction The skeletal system is made up of the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton How many bones make up the adult skeleton 206 o 80 in Axial o 126 in Appendicular THE SKULL Two sets of bones o Cranial facial Cranial Bones Frontal 1 o Location Anterior superior function forms most of anterior floor of cranial cavity superior roof of eye socket Parietal 2 Temporal 2 o Location Superior function sides of cranial cavity o Location Superior lateral part of the cranial floor temple o What arch does this bone help form Zygomatic Arch Zygomatic process of the temporal bone Temporal process of the zygomatic bone o What is the mastoid process Posterior portion by the inferior portion of temporal bone Function for muscle attachment o What is the petrous Houses the inner and middle ear Hearing and equilibrium Occipital 1 o Location Posterior inferior function forms the back of the head o What is the foramen magnum Spinal cord runs through here One of the largest foramens in the body o What are the occipital condyles On either side of the foramen magnum Articulate with C1 first cervical bone KIN 2500 Axial Skeleton Supplemental Instruction o The ligamentum nuchae extends from external occipital protuberance to the 7th cervical vertebrae C7 What is it Ligament that helps support the head Sphenoid 1 the bone on the front of the textbook o Which cranial bones does it articulate with All of them o Function hold the cranial bones together and for stability o Location Middle part of the base of the skull o What is the difference between the greater wing and the lesser wing Greater wing are larger and form part of the lateral wall of the skull Lesser Wing are smaller and forms the posterior part of the orbit o Where are the pterygoid processes Extends inferiorly o What does the sella turcica house Pituitary Gland Ethmoid 1 o What does it help form Superior part of the nasal septum anterior portion of the cranial floor and the medial wall of the orbit o What is the crista galli an attachment for Falx cerebri o What do the superior and inferior nasal conchae do Warm filter the air we breathe o Where is the perpendicular plate and what does it help form Superior part of the nasal septum Features of the Skull together 1 Suture an immovable joint in the adult skull that holds most skull bones a What bones does the coronal suture separate Frontal and parietal by hairline KIN 2500 Axial Skeleton Supplemental Instruction b What bones does the sagittal suture separate Two parietal c What bones does the lambdoid suture separate Occipital d What bones does the squamous suture separate Parietal bones Parietal temporal 2 Paranasal Sinuses cavities within certain cranial and facial bones near the nasal cavity when you get a sinus infection these are what fill up 3 Fontanels dense connective tissue regions between the incompletely developed cranial bones at birth help create the sutures Hyoid Bone for attachment Facial Bones Consists of a body and greater and lesser horns What bones does it articulate with None only bone in the body Uses muscle What process is it suspended from Styloid process of the temporal bone Name Nasal Lacrimal Palantine Inferior nasal conchae Vomer Maxillae of bones 2 2 2 2 1 2 Description Small flattened bones that form the bridge of the nose protect the upper entry to the nasal cavity Smallest bones of the face posterior and lateral to the nasal bones form part of the medial wall of each orbit L shaped bones that form the posterior portion of the hard palate contains horizontal plates and perpendicular plates Form part of the inferior lateral wall of the nasal cavity inferior to the middle nasal conchae of the ethmoid bone NOT part of the ethmoid bone Triangular bone on the floor of the nasal cavity forms the inferior portion of the bony nasal septum the partition that divides the nasal cavity Unite to form the upper jaw bone forms part of the hard palate each has a hollowed out central body KIN 2500 Axial Skeleton Supplemental Instruction Zygomatic Mandible 2 1 Aka Cheekbones forms part of the zygomatic arch forms the distinction of the cheekbones and the lateral wall and floor of each orbit Lower jawbone largest strongest facial bone consists of ramus condylar process coronoid process mandibular notch etc VERTEBRAL COLUMN How many vertebrae are there before development 33 How many vertebrae are there in the adult vertebral column 26 How many vertebrae o Cervical 7 o Thoracic 12 o Lumbar 5 o Sacrum 1 5 fused o Coccyx 1 4 fused Cervical 1 C1 C7 2 What is C1 called Atlas a Articulates with Occipital Condyles b Allows for Yes up and down movement 3 What is C2 called Axis a Articulates with C1 via dens b Allows for No side to side movement 4 What is a bifid spinous process When the spinous process splits into two like a wishbone Found on C2 C7 5 Transverse processes are usually small large Small 6 Bodies are fairly small Thoracic 1 T1 T12 2 Bodies are smaller larger than cervical vertebrae Larger 3 Have articulations for the ribs a Facet Formed when the head of the rib articulates with only one b Demifacet Formed when the head of the rub articulates with TWO vertebrae vertebrae KIN 2500 Axial Skeleton Supplemental Instruction 4 Spinous process is long and pointed inferiorly superiorly Inferior 5 Vertebral foramen is not as large as cervical 1 L1 L5 2 Heaviest and largest of all Support of body weight 3 Do ribs articulate here No Cervical Small Thoracic Medium Lumbar Large One vertebral and two transverse One vertebral One vertebral Slender and often bifid Small Long and fairly thick Fairly large Short and blunt Large and blunt Lumbar Table 7 5 12th edition Size small large etc Foramen how many and where Openings Spinous process shape and size Transverse processes size Absent Present Articular facets for ribs present or absent Direction of articular facets medial lateral superior inferior anterior posterior Size of intervertebral disc Never saw her ask questions on direction of articular facets Sacrum Posterior and superior Anterior and inferior Thick relative to the size of the body Posterior and lateral Anteriomedial Thin Absent Medial Lateral Massive 1 S1 S5 fused vertebrae 2 Median sacral crest formed from the fused spinous processes 3 Lateral sacral crest formed from the fused transverse processes 4 Sacral Hiatus the gap that opens up at the end of the sacral canal 5 Articular surface articulates with the illium of the pelvis Coccyx 1