KIN 2500 Cells Supplemental Instruction Important Notes SI Sessions Monday 3 30 5 00pm 206 Tureaud Hall Thursday 5 00 6 30pm 206 Tureaud Hall All future SI sessions this semester will be held on Monday and Thursday at the times posted in 206 Tureaud Hall Any changes to this will be sent via email Please check your email regularly thought the semester Exam reviews may have different room assignments Office Hours Tuesday and Thursday 1 15pm 2 45pm 39 Allen Hall Cells Name Plasma Membrane 3 Main Parts of the Cell The cell s flexible outer surface Structure Cytoplasm Nucleus All of the cellular contents between the plasma membrane and the nucleus A large organelle with DNA found inside it Plasma Membrane Fluid mosaic model b 1 2 Proteins c 3 Lipids a Function Regulated the flow of materials into and out of a cell allows communication between cells and their external environment Cytosol fluid portion Organelles found in the cytosol and each have a different function Chromosomes found within the nucleus contain genes that control cellular structure and function a Act as a barrier to the passage of certain substances into and out of a cell b The arrangement of molecules within the membrane resembles a sea of lipids containing many types of proteins c Act as gatekeepers to regulate the movement of other molecules and ions in and out of the cell Structure of a Membrane 1 Lipid bilayer the main structure of the plasma membrane a Two back to back layers made up of 3 different types of lipid KIN 2500 Cells Supplemental Instruction molecules i ii iii Phospholipids Glycolipids Cholesterol 2 Two categories of proteins a Integral i proteins extend into or through the lipid bilayer What are transmembrane proteins Goes throughout the membrane b Peripheral are attached to membrane lipids or integral proteins proteins not as firmly embedded into the membrane and Function of Membrane Proteins put the words in the correct blanks Ion channels Carriers or transporters Receptors 1 Enzymes Cell indentity markers 2 Enzymes integral proteins that catalyze specific chemical reactions at the Cell identity markers glycoproteins and glycolipids that enable a cell to recognize other cells of the same kind during tissue formations OR recognize and respond to potentially dangerous foreign cells inside or outside of the cell Ion Channels which specific ions can flow through to enter or exit the cell recognizes and binds to a specific type of molecule integral proteins that serve as cellular recognition sites each one pores or holes formed by integral membrane proteins through a What is a ligand Molecule that binds to a receptor receptor specific 4 Receptors 3 5 Carriers and transporters substance or ion from one side of the membrane to another integral proteins that selectively move a polar Transport Across the Plasma Membrane Fluids Intracellular fluid ICF Extracellular fluid ECF Interstitial fluid Plasma Lymph Location of Fluids Location Inside the cell Outside the cell Between the cells Part of blood Lymphatic vessels What is the difference between active and passive processes Transport across the Plasma Membrane Transport across the Plasma Membrane Passive Transport Diffusion Osmosis Facilitated DiffusionActive Transport Endocytosis Exocytosis Transcytosis Passive Transport KIN 2500 Cells Supplemental Instruction Active Transport Diffusion Osmosis Endocytosis Exocytosis Transcytosis Facilitated Diffusion What type of energy is used Kinetic What happens Goes from high to low concentration Diffusion Osmosis What kind of energy is used Kinetic What kind of molecules is moved H20 from high to low Facilitated diffusion What kind of energy is used Kinetic What happens Transported by a transmembrane protein Endocytosis What type of energy is used ATP 1 Receptor mediated endocytosis a What happens Cells take up specific ligands import materials that are needed by the cells Transport across the Plasma Membrane Passive Transport Diffusion Osmosis Facilitated DiffusionActive Transport Endocytosis Exocytosis Transcytosis KIN 2500 Cells Supplemental Instruction 2 Phagocytosis Pac Man a What happens Engulfs molecule with pseudopods 3 Bulk phase endocytosis pinocytosis a What happens Cell drinking Exocytosis outside the cell What type of energy is used ATP Does it bring material into the cell or release material from the cell Explain Release material such as sweating Transcytosis What type of energy is used ATP Does this process include endocytosis or exocytosis Both COMPONENT Cytoskeleton Microfilaments Intermediated filaments Microtubule Cytosol FUNCTION STUCTURE A network of protein filaments that extends throughout the cytosol Used for movement smallest Anchors the organelles Tubin Flagella cilia centrosomes Centrosome Organelle Organelles Cilia and flagella Ribosome Function Structure a pair of centrioles and pericentriolar material the pericentriolar material contains tubulins which are used for growth of the mitotic Movement Cilia in the trachea Flagella in sperm cells Protein synthesis KIN 2500 Cells Supplemental Instruction Endoplasmic Reticulum ER Golgi Apparatus Lysosome Peroxisome Proteasome Mitochondria Rough ER synthesizes glycoproteins and phospholipids Smooth ER synthesizes fatty acids and steroids store and release calcium in muscle cells Accepts proteins from ER forms glycoproteins glycolipids and lipoproteins sorts and packages molecules for transport to different locations secretory membrane and transport vesicles Digest worn out organelles entire cells and extracellular materials Oxidizes amino acids and fatty acids detoxifies harmful substances Destroys unwanted or faulty proteins quality control Site of aerobic cellular respiration reactions that produce most of a cell s ATP powerhouse of the cell Structure of the Nucleus What separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm What organelle is the nuclear envelope continuous with Nuclear Envolope Rough ER What do nuclear pores do Allows things in and out of the nucleus What is the spherical body inside of the nucleus where ribosomes are produced Nucleolus Where is DNA embedded in the nucleus KIN 2500 Cells Supplemental Instruction Chromatin What is the nucleoplasm And what is another name for nucleoplasm Cytoplasm of the nucleus Karolymph Cell Division What 2 things make up the mitotic apparatus Mitotic Spindles Centrioles What does the 9 0 array mean 9 sets of proteins with no protein in the middle Hyperplasia out of control cell division o Ex Lung cancer o