Comprehensive 100 pts Genetics 3452 Section 504 Final Review 20 pts from quizzes multiple choice T F fill in blanks 40 pts from analytical questions on labs short answer 40 pts Journal questions Mendelian Genetics Complete dominance Medallion peas one allele completely dominants in hetero s Incomplete partial dominance Forms an intermediate btw phenotypic homo heterozygotes Ex carnations Co dominance Phenotypic expression of both homozygotes Ex ABO blood groups sickle cell Complete recessiveness Ratios of crosses monohybrid dihybrid test cross Monohybrid cross Dihybrid cross Monohybrid Homozygous parents will produce all will be heterozygous offspring If parents are heterozygous 3 1 phenotype 1 2 1 genotype Dihybrid 9 3 3 1 Test cross crossing an unknown dominant with a known recessive to find the unknown dominant genotype 1 1 if the organism parent is heterozygous Sex linked mutations Mutations that occur on the x chromosome Law of Random Segregation Two alleles for a gene will segregate independently during gamete formation Law of Independent Assortment Two unlinked genes will separate independently of one another during gamete formation Polymerase Chain Reaction Process Steps Process Relies on thermal cycling of heating and cooling phases for DNA Three steps 1 Denaturation 2 Annealing 3 Extension Purpose To Increase the size of a sample or amplify in number the desired target DNA sample Genetic screens Reverse genetic screen Forward genetic screen Unknown phenotype but known the gene is known or analysed first Unknown molecular issue but known phenotype mutagen phenotypes C elegans Roller Dumpy High incidence of males Uncoordinated movement Variable abnormalities Blisters Process of C elegans genetic screen Genetic development in Drosophila Maternal effect genes Segmentation genes SG Specifies anterior posterior and dorsal ventral Determine number rank and polarity of embryonic segments Gap genes An SG that defines coarse subdivisions of the embryo like thorax or posterior abdomen Pair rule genes Defines expression in alternating segments Segment polarity genes Define anterior posterior spatial orientation within a segment or parasegment Homeotic HOX genes Specifies the identity of segments controls permanent labelling of the cells to determine their final developmental fates Homeotic mutations Type of mutation that transforms one segment into another Ex antenna changing to legs Gel electrophoresis Separates DNA based on size Uses agarose gel slab Model organism characteristics Tractable In expensive Rapid reproduction development Small size Readily available Easily analyzed phenotypes Chi square analysis Allows one to determine if observed data fits the theoretical expectation X2 o e 2 e Degrees of freedom n 1 P values 0 05 accept that any deviations are due to chance accept the hypothesis that the data approximates the expected model ratio 0 05 reject the hypothesis that the data approximates the model or expected ratio can conclude that deviations are not just due to chance Mutagens Ethylmethane sulfonate Altars G to bond to bind to T Instead of G C binding BLAST Basic local alignment search tool Analysis of genes proteins genomes Also you can compare nu and protein sequences to a database The lower the E value the more likely you have a real hit Match chances decreases as the sequence gets longer Immunostaining A technique that applies dyes to tissues in preparation for examination Uses antibodies to detect specific proteins Worm picking Know proper technique RNAi lab exercise Know lab protocol Drosophila crosses Know results and protocol Journal Questions you will be given several abstracts passages or figures from genetic related research articles You will need to read these and answer questions interpret graphs etc Some questions will be similar to your take home quiz and some will be direct questions on information in the article
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