BIOL 3510 1st Edition Lecture 7 Outline of Last Lecture I. Coding Amino AcidsII. RibosomesIII. Process of Translationa. Initiationb. TerminationOutline of Current Lecture I. Gene ExpressionII. Transcriptional RegulatorsIII. Cell MemoryIV. Epigenetic InheritanceCurrent LectureDifferent cell types from the same organism have the same genome. Different cell types produce different sets of proteins account for differences in cell appearance and function. Gene expression is the process that results in the generation of a specific protein or RNA molecule.Gene expression can be regulated at multiple steps. A cluster of bacterial genes can be transcribed from a single promoter. In bacteria, transcription regulators bind to regulatory DNA sequences close to where RNA polymerase binds. Genes can be switched off by repressor proteins. Genes can be switched on by activator proteins. The Lac operon is controlled by two transcription regulators. Eukaryotic transcription is regulated by transcriptional activators and repressors that act at a distance. Transcriptional regulators bind to specific regulatory DNA sequences. Some transcriptional regulators recruit chromatin modifying proteins.Histone tail modifying enzymes: histone acetyltransferase promote transcription, while histone deacetyletransferase inhibit transcription.Combinatorial control – multiple transcriptional regulators act to control the expression of a single gene. A single transcriptional regulator can control the expression of many genes.Cell memory allows a proliferating cell to transmit its cell identity to its daughter cells.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.1. Positive feedback2. Transmission of DNA methylation patterns: (interactive genes are methylated)3. Inheritance of histone modificationsEpigenetic inheritance: transmission of the pattern of gene expression without modifying the DNA nucleotide sequence.An miRNA targets a complementary mRNA molecule for destruction. siRNAs are produced from a double-stranded, foreign RNAs in the process of RNA
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