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UNT BIOL 3510 - Energy Extraction
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BIOL 3510 1st Edition Lecture 12 Outline of Last Lecture I. Ion ChannelsII. Patch-clamp RecordingIII. Action PotentialsIV. Mechanically-gated ChannelsOutline of Current Lecture I. Energy StorageII. Free EnergyIII. MetabolismIV. Active CarriersCurrent LectureCells use energy stored in the bonds of sugars and fats to generate ATP. Energy released during catabolism was acquired from the sun during photosynthesis.Sugars (monosaccharides), store energy and are subunits of polysaccharides. They contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the ratio of 1:2:1, like glucose.Disaccharides and polysaccharides are formed by condensation reactions, like sucrose, a short term energy storage. The uniting bond is called a glycosidic bond.Examples of polysaccharides:- Starch and glycogen – energy storage- Cellulose and chitin – structural supportHow do organisms store energy?1. Long term storage in animals: fatty acids are stored as triglycerols in fat droplets in adipose cells.2. Short term storage in animals: sugars are stored as glycogen3. Energy storage in plants: fats and starches are stored in chloroplastsFree Energy of a SystemThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- If delta G < 0, spontaneous exergonic: energy released- If delta G = 0, equilibrium- If delta G > 0, nonspontaneous endergonic, energy requiredDuring the stepwise oxidation of sugar, the released energy is stored in activated carrier molecules. Activated carriers are generated by coupled reactions.Metabolism: the chemical reactions of biomolecules. It is the biochemical basis of life processes- Catabolism: the breakdown of larger molecules into smaller ones; an oxidative process that releases energy- Anabolism: the synthesis of larger molecules from smaller ones; a reductive process thatrequires energyActivated carriers store exchangeable energy. ATP stands for adenosine 5’-triphosphate. Transferof a phosphate group to any other molecule is a phosphorylation reaction. Phosphate groups are used to create high energy intermediates. NADH, NADPH, and FADH2 carry two electrons and a H+. They have different shapes and interact with different enzymes. Acetyl Coenzyme A (acetyl CoA) is an example of another activated


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UNT BIOL 3510 - Energy Extraction

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