The Need to Belong Your desire to be included and cared for People have a basic psychological need to feel closely connected to others and that caring affectionate bonds from close relationships are a major part of human behavior People s tendancies when it comes to relationships People seek for new relationships after another has failed People feel a lot of negative emotions when relationships are going poorly People are eager to have close relationships What happens if you don t have enough belonging Evidence that humans naturally want to belong When people lack meaningful close relationships with others they suffer Specifically married individuals are healthier less stressed out and are expected to live longer than single individuals not to stigmatize singles here Close relationships boost people s immune systems People throughout the world are born with the ability and motivation to form close relationships and this universal tendency is adaptive Children who form close emotional attachments to their parents are less likely to wander off get picked off by a predator or fall victim to some other natural danger Thus relationships protect us from harm when we are young and vulnerable Social Support What makes our relationships beneficial consists of 3 components percieved recieved and social network supports Percieved support a psychological sense of support knowing believing that others will be available in times of need Evidence that percieved support is healthy Found that a high level of perceived support can serve as a buffer against stress Interestingly enough Dr Cohen found that those with higher levels of social support were less likely to catch the common cold Recieved support the actual receipt of support or help from others however some may not want it think they need it results in bad reaction to support Social Network We have a cognitive limit as to how many social relationships we can maintain about 150 Quality vs Quantity Health benefits of social network evidence research shows that diversity also matters in terms of one s network such that individuals with more diverse social networks were less likely to get the common cold compared to those with fewer and less diverse networks Culture and Attraction Different cultures define beauty and what is considered as attractive differently due to sociocultural theory For example in Mauritania fat beatiful while for Americans thin beautiful Similarity and Attraction similarity is a huge factor of attraction whether it be age race religion beliefs attitudes interests economic status or education Evidence that similar people attract Univ students brought into a lab told they would be playing a game with another student 1 group saw pic but other group saw pic photoshopped to have their facial features merged into the image Individual was more likely to cooperatein group w photoshopped picture Why do married couples become more similar as time goes on The more time spent together the more values start to come into line with each other they become similar as time goes on Individuals who stay together for a long time think they are similar Similarity Bias Predicts that we will predict people who are like us and we will not befriend people who are not like us Natural Selection Survival of the Fittest Sexual Selection Those with the genes that make them successful at attracting a mate are the ones that create the next generation of attractive creatures Intrasexual competition members of one sex usually males engage in competition with each other in order to win over a mate Victors of battle gain preferential sexual access to females while the loser fails to mate Whatever qualities lead to success are passed down Doesn t always need physical combat Intersexual competition preferences for members of one sex for members of the opposite sex who possess certain qualities Universaly desired traits by both sexes according to Buss Intelligent kind understanding dependable healthy Traits desired by women good financial prospect economic resources ambition industriousness older commitment Traits desired by men physical attraction younger but adolesences perfer older Actual Marriages men choose younger women avg of 3 years younger but the older men get the larger the gap becomes 5 yeras for 2nd marriage 8 years for 3rd Personal ads Women who mention physical attractiveness and young age as a part of their self description in their ads recieve higher response rates compared to those that are older and don t mention physical attractiveness Behavioral tactics Women put effort into appearance more than men and focus on physical flaws in their enemies Men display resources and point out enemie s professional flaws Thriver s Theory Clarke and Hatfield study Basis of sex differences with short term mating men desire casual sex more than women reproduction benefits of men with short terms mating because increase in offspring reproduction Women on the other hand are much more strict about choosing a mate because sucessfully raising their offspring will require greater time and energy on their part since the child is 100 theirs through pregnancy Boy and Girl went around campus telling those of the opposite sex that they have seen them around and find them very attractive and asked them three questions will you have sex with me go on a date with me and go back to my apt with me No women agreed to have sex but 50 agreed to have sex On the other hand most 75 of men said yes to sex Men and jealousy Feel more threatened when it comes to sexual infidelity Women and jealousy Feel more threatened when it comes to emotional connection Men retention tactics ranges from vigilance to violence display resources threaten violence on intrasexual rivals Women retention tactics enhance physical appearance flirt with others evoke partner s jealousy What happens in the brain that allows us to experience pleasure Amygdala regulates emotion dopamine is released cerebellum controls muscle function pituatary gland releases beta endorphins which decreases pain oxytocin which increases feelings of trust and vasepressin which increases bonding Difference between men and women during orgasm in brain Women have a decrease in activity in the amygdala and hippocampus which deals with fear and anxiety because women have more of a need to feel safe and relazed in order to enjoy sex Sternberg s 3 components of love Commitment Intamicy Passion What are the 7 kinds of love according
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