Week of February 23 2015 Differential Police Response All calls for assistance are not of the same priority o ie Calling for robbery vs calling for murder Police response is based on seriousness of the call o ie Ideally police will respond faster to murder than to robbery System helps manage police resources and best match them to the needs of the community Foot Patrol Experiments Having the cops patrol neighborhoods instead of having them wait for crmie to occur Research Findings Did not reduce crime at all Did result in less fear Gave officers greater satisfaction Police Community Relations Improving relationships between the public and the police Decentralization decision making so the police could easily respond to a Team Policing neighborhood problem Problem Oriented Policing Proactive Policing Preliminary Investigations Identifying and responding to long term problems Smaller percentage of offenders victims and locations Generally conducted by patrol officers Good preliminary investigations are a major factor in solving crimes Police have two primary roles o Investigation o Arrest Follow Up Investigation patrol officers locate him or her Exclusionary Rule Conducted by detectives following reports from the initial investigation by Television over dramatizes this aspect of policing Many times the offender is known or known of and the detectives simply A rule created by the Supreme Court not the Constitution that excludes illegally seized evidence from court precedings o Weeks vs US 1914 Federal Says you cannot use evidence you obtained illegally searching house without a warrant beating a confession out of someone physically etc o Silverthorn Lumber Co vs US 1918 Federal Fruit of the Poisoned Tree Silver Platter Doctrine o Mapp vs Ohio Exclusionary rule applied to state cases looking for one thing that is illegal and finding another unlawful thing substance act etc Exceptions to the Exclusionary Rule o Harris vs US If they are allowed to be there they can get it without a search warrant Plain View Doctrine 1968 If law enforcement can see it they can use it as evidence Officers can legally scan apartment and make sure that there is nothing available to harm law enforcement officers Must also be in plain view 1990 o Maryland vs Buie o US vs Leon 1984 Good Faith If the warrant doesn t cover it accidentally stumbling upon something that proves that the suspect is indeed the criminal cannot be used as evidence Ergo making connections through illegally found evidence cannot be used in court Fruit of the Poisoned Tree o NY vs Quaries 1984 Public Safety If public is in danger police do not have to read Miranda Rights Ie if someone brings a gun into a supermarket and puts it down on the shelf police do not have to read suspect their rights because the weapon can be used at the expense of the public for dangerous activity o Nix vs Williams 1984 Inevitable Discovery Sooner or later evidence would have been found with or without the confession Searches with Warrants Reasonableness depends on 1 Particularity must be specific 2 Probable Cause 3 Affidavit the information must be true Warrantless Searches are Allowed When Searches accompanying arrests Search of vehicles Plain View Consented searches Searches without warrants must be done directly before after or during arrest Stop and Frisk searches Fresh pursuit