CJUS P 100 1st Edition Lecture 6 Outline of Last Lecture The Search for Causes Cont I II III IV Robert Agnew s General Strain Theory A Three types of Strain B Sources of strain Subculture theory Social process theories A Differential association Restrain theories A Containment theory B Labeling theory Outline of Current Lecture I History and Structure of Policing A History of Policing B The new Police II Peel s 9 Principles III Early policing in America A New technologies B Management IV Patrol A Directed B Split These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute C Prioritized V Evidence based policing VI Federal level VII State agencies VIII Local Current Lecture I II III History of policing A The British model i Hew and cry ii Mutual pledge system 1 Alfred the great tithings hundredths and so on iii Watch and ward system iv Statutes of Winchester in 1280 used for next 600 years v Bow Street Runners 1742 vi New police bobbies The new police A Bobbies B Founded by Sir Robert Peel in 1829 C First organized police department D 1000 officers of good moral standing E Preventative in nature formed to discourage crime patrolled streets F Uniformed and adopted a military administrative style Peels 9 principals A Basic mission for which the police exist is to prevent crime and disorder B The ability of the police to perform their duties is dependent upon public approval of police actions C Police must secure the willing cooperation of the public in a voluntary observance of the law to be able to secure and maintain respect of the public D Degree of the cooperation of the public that can be secured diminishes when a barrier between the police and public is created IV V VI VII VIII IX E Police seek and preserve public favor not by catering to public opinion but by constantly demonstrating absolute impartial service to the law F Police use physical force to the extent necessary to secure observance of the law or to restore order only when the exercise of persuasion advice and warning is found insufficient G Police at all times should maintain a relationship with the public that gives reality to the historic tradition that police are the public and the public are the police H Police should always direct action strictly toward their functions and never appear to usurp the powers of judiciary I The test of police efficiency is the absence of crime and disorder not the visible evidence of police action in dealing with it Early policing in America A Emergence of police in NYC a 1658 paid watchmen were hired in NY to replace drafting citizens b 1693 first uniformed officers come to the scene c 1731 first neighborhood precinct station d Boston Cincinnati and new Orleans followed suit International Association of Chief of Police A IACP B lFormed in 1902 as a nationwide clearinghouse for criminal identification to centralize things fingerprint database C Formed in response to rising crime during the 19th century New technologies A During the 20th century new technology changed the nature of policing i Phone ii Car iii Radio Management A Scientific police management B Application of social science techniques to the study of police administration for the purpose of increasing effectiveness reducing frequency of citizen complaints Kansas City experiment A Split city into 3 areas consisting of 5 beats each B Differentiated patrol in each area i Normal ii Double iii No patrol C Study showed there was no impact on the crime rates Patrol A Directed increased patrol in areas of high crime X XI XII XIII B Split force 2 types of patrol 1st half regular patrol 2nd half targeted policing C Prioritized calls importance and seriousness of crime Evidence based policing A Efficient policing goals guided by the following questions a How can more value for the money be returned investments in policing to cut crime cost b Can crime be better forecast for preventative policing by time and place c Can useful police methods be distinguished from cost effective ones Federal level A Agencies have nationwide jurisdiction but concentrate on specific crime B 14 US government departments C 28 US non departmental agencies a Conduct crime investigations b Execute search warrants State agencies A Centralized B Decentralized i Centralized tasks of major criminal investigation and state highway patrol ii Decentralized traffic enforcement other state level enforcement Local A Enforce applied state laws local ordinances and laws