Cjus P 100 1st Edition Lecture 5 Outline of Last Lecture I Criminal theories Pt 2 II Psychological theories III Psychoanalytic theory A Psychopathy Sociopath IV Trait theory V Sociological theories VI Social disorganization and the Chicago school VII Strain theory A Anomie definition VIII Merton s typology A 5 responses Outline of Current Lecture The Search for Causes Cont I II III IV Robert Agnew s General Strain Theory A Three types of Strain B Sources of strain Subculture theory Social process theories A Differential association Restrain theories A Containment theory B Labeling theory These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Current Lecture I II III IV V Robert Agnew s General Strain Theory A Strain for Agnew is neither structural nor interpersonal but emotional B Perception of an adverse environment will lead to strongly negative emotions that motivate one to engage in crime C Believes that anger has a significant impact on all measures of crime and deviance a Expands traditional strain theory b Includes all types of negative relations between an individual and others c GST maintains that strain is likely to have a cumulative effect on delinquency after reaching a certain threshold D 3 types of Strain a Failure to achieve positively valued goals b Loss of positive stimuli c Presentation of negative stimuli E Sources of strain a Social negative interactions with others b Community some communities increase the likelihood that people get angry and can be more prone to crime c Community level factors economic deprivation family disruption fear of crime overcrowding bad housing Subculture theory A Subculture theories have been criticized because research has found much criminal activity takes place outside of the group These groups tend to be compromised of those from working lower classes Other research has found that criminality is present amongst the middle and upper classes as well However their groups are able to avoid detection and prosecution Social process theories A Differential association a Criminality through learning criminal behaviors just like anything else It s a social process whereby we gain knowledge and skills necessary for crime and those who already have them Restraint theories A Containment theory Walter Reckless a Focuses on constraints rather than causes b Assumes that all of us are subjects to the inducements of crime 1 Inner containments conscience a positive self image tolerance for frustration aspiration in line with reality 2 Society pressure put upon that individual to conform and expectation that they would do so Labeling theory A Related to sociological concepts of social constitution and symbolic interactionalism B The theory of how the self identity and behavior of individuals can be determined or influenced by the terms used to describe classify them Its associated with the concept of self fulfilling prophecy a Primary deviance b Secondary deviance