CJUS P 100 1st Edition Lecture 15 Outline of Last Lecture I Policing Special Issues II Community policing a Community policing in practice b Challenges III Police personality IV Police discretion V Police corruption a Categories of corruption i Grass eaters j Meat eaters b Hierarchy of Corruption VI Response to police corruption a Increased police professionalism Internal affairs Outline of Current Lecture I Week 9 Sentencing II Types of punishment throughout history III Utilitarian objectives IV Expressive objectives V Hidden extra legal objectives VI Deterrence a General b Specific VII Goals of sentencing These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute VIII Simple crime theory IX Interdeterminate sentencing X Structured sentencing a Aggravating circumstances b Mitigating circumstance c Mandatory minimums XI Limitations of deterrence strategies XII History of capital punishment Current Lecture I Types of punishment throughout history a Incarceration b House arrest c Probation d Fines e Restitution f Capital punishment g Electronic monitoring h Removal of privileges i Pubic shaming j Torture k Banishing II Utilitarian objectives a Specific deterrence b General deterrence c Incapacitation d Restitution e Rehabilitation f Reintegration g Rule definition III Expressive justifications a Justice b Vengeance retribution c Redemption d Fear reduction e Denunciation IV Hidden extra legal objectives a Political gain b Economic profit c Power and control of dangerous classes d Maintenance of status quo e Entertainment V Deterrence a General i Seeks to prevent others from committing crimes similar to the one which the particular offender is being sentenced by making an example of the person sentenced b Specific i Seeks to prevent a particular offender from engaging in repeat criminality VI Goal of sentencing a Retribution b Rehabilitation c Deterrence d Incapacitation e Restoration VII Simple crime theory general deterrence a Increase the costs of punishment b Crime will decrease i Probability of apprehension multiplied by the expected punishment ii Apprehension hard to affect 1 Clearance rate 2 Perception of likelihood of apprehension iii Punishment severity VIII Interdeterminiate sentencing a Relies on the judge s discretion for length of sentence b Judges choose amongst types of sanctions and set upper and lower limits of length of prison stays c Based on the belief that convicted offenders are more likely to participate on their own rehabilitation i Critique 1 Leads to great disparities in sentencing 2 Also leads to dishonest sentencing IX Standard sentencing a A model of criminal punishment that includes determinate and commission created presumptive sentencing schemes as well as voluntary advisory sentencing guidelines i Aggravating circumstances 1 Make the crime more grave than the average instance 2 Call for tougher sentencing ii Mitigating circumstance 1 May be considered to reduce the blameworthiness of the defendant 2 Call for a lesser sentence b Mandatory minimums i Sets a minimum sentence for certain offenses ii Removes discretion from judge X Limitation of deterrence strategies a Assumption criminal activity is the result of rational thought process i Evidence no rational decision making found for some impulsive offenses b Assumption reasonable likelihood of getting caught i Evidence most criminals don t believe they ll be apprehended c Assumption compliance with sanctions by criminal justice officials i Evidence prosecutors are often unwilling to comply with harsher sentences ii Some will try to circumvent mandatory penalties XI History of death penalty a Since recordkeeping began in 1608 over 18800 legal executions have taken place in the US b The legal process through which a death sentence is carried out is fraught with problems