MUS- M 402 1st Edition Lecture 28Outline of Last LectureI. Identify the Four Musical Traditions that inform Ives’ compositionsII. Describe the Role Irony Plays in Ives’ Compositional Style Outline of Current LectureI. German Ideology in the 19th centuryII. Russian Ideology in the 19th centuryCurrent LectureI. German Ideology in the 19th centurya. Anti-Romantic reaction came from many quarters. In the Germany of theWeimar Republic, post-war idealism combined with adverse economic conditionsto produce the widespread conviction that artist must give up the ivory towerand contribute actively to the reconstruction of European society. b. Crippled Germany after World War I because of the Versailles Treaty lead toHitler’s rise and the development of the Nazi party. They began to put “rules” onwhat was allowed in music composition:i. Music has to be political.ii. Music must express the ideals of the Nazi state.1. Nazi Germany represents a total ideology- political ideas thatmust consumer any and all areas of life. This was done to ensurethat people thought about Hitler and the Nazi party literally at alltimes.iii. Music must not be performed or composed by any Jewish people.II. Russian Ideology in the 19th centurya. Music expresses social conflict.i. Musical culture of the past is no good. New music is needed to expressthe new class-less “Worker’s Paradise” and beliefs of the Soviet Union.1. Religious music or anything with mythology was not allowed. 2. “Complex” music designed to express emotion or music with itsown inner meaning also was forbidden (i.e. Brahms, Schoenberg)a. Any music that may isolate “the workers” was highlydiscouraged.b. Formalism- the word used by the Russian committee ofsensors to label art/music that was not permitted by theSoviet system and the Soviet Party was an enemy.b. “History is a nightmare from which I am trying to awaken.”i. All Europe was in complete turmoil and distress from World War I-hundreds of lives had been lost for no real reason.ii. The Soviet Union offered relief through pushes of industry and hope thatthe nightmare would end. c. Composer Dmitri Schostakovich is famous for his subtle defiance of the SovietUnion through his compositions.i. Schostakovich’s Symphony No. 5 appears to be submitting to Sovietauthority, however, it actually tells the true story of Soviet Russia throughSchostakovich’s use of music irony and “quotations marks”- theincorporation of traditional simple Russian melodies in his
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