MUS-M 402 1st EditionExam # 2 Study Guide Lectures: 12 – 24Lecture 12 (February 12)How does Berlioz paint a musical picture of extraordinary things through his compositional style? Programmatic music used to set the imagination wild through the use of orchestral color picturesque details that tell the storyline that Berlioz is trying to present. Be familiar with the details of how this is done in both Symphony Fantastique and La Damnation de Faust.Lecture 13 (February 17)Romanticism and the Romantic Aesthetic: a. How might you contrast it to the classical aesthetic? b. What does it have to do with Beethoven? What aspects of romanticism were influenced by Beethoven?Romanticism refers to a compositional technique used by composers following the period of the Classical Aesthetic. It reflects the idea of going after something that is bigger than oneself, that could potentially destroy someone, but is so intriguing to both the listener and the composer because it is unknown.Lecture 14 (February 19)In what ways did Beethoven influence the next generation of Romantic composers? Consider the following aspects:a. Extremes (of size, of emotion, of contrast, etc.)b. A sense of narrative in instrumental music (“program music”)c. Self-conscious use of older musical styles for dramatic effectsd. Formal experimentationLecture 15 (February 21)Lyric Binary Form: be able to identify this in any piece of musicA A B ATranscendental Music: how do artists use generic expectations to make expressive effects? What is the relationship between nationalism and romanticism? How role folk culture (or the idea of “the folk”) Transcendental- to transcend, to go beyond basic skill with virtuosity; to go beyond the boring reality of everyday life with music. This technique was used very frequently by Chopin. For the first time ever, the idea of nationalism begins to creep intomusic. For the first time ever, nationalism begins to creep into music through the use of folk songs and other local elements. Nationalism- pride in one’s country; in music, the idea that music can reflect pride in one’s roots and where people came from.Lecture 16 (February 24)Bel canto opera- Italian for “beautiful singing”; the term for mid-19th century opera with increased drama, larger staging, and more powerful singing.The structure of bel canto scenes: scena, cantabile, tempo di mezzo, cabalettaCantabile- a slower, beautifully sung strophic vocal song accompanied by cantabile orchestral writing . Cabaletta- a bit faster than the Cantabile with a different mood and idea for music with a more upbeat orchestral accompanimentLecture 17 (February 26)“Viva Vittorio Emanuele Re d’Italia!” (Long live Victor Emanuele, king of Italy) becomes the battle cry for the Italian people during this movement as Verdi’s music become connected innationalism. Be familiar with Verdi’s role with Italian nationalism during Italy’s 1859 Risorgimento (Resurgence movement) and how this impacted his music and career.Lecture 18 (February 28)The Creation of Russianness during the Nineteenth Century involved “The Mighty Five”- Russian composers Balakirev, Cui, Mussorgsky, Rimsky-Korsakov, and Borodin who wished to create and establish a compositional style that was uniquely Russian. Elements of Russian Nationalism in MusicEmphasis on native literature and linguistic traditionsInterest in folklorePatriotismCraving for independent identityLecture 19 (March 3)Be familiar with how German composers attempted to react to Beethoven following Beethoven’s death. After Beethoven’s death, composers dealt with a fair amount of anxiety, asking themselves “What comes next in music?” Both Brahms and Wagner were well-known German composers who both claimed to know how to continue the generation of great German composers afterBeethoven. Brahms and Wagner felt that they were the next great “Beethoven”, however, they composed in vastly different styles. Lecture 20 (March 5)Be familiar with Wagner’s Music and how he used interrelated stylistic concepts in his Gesamtskunstwerks:Gesamtskunstwerk- Wagner’s name for his musical dramas, or operas, in which he would compose in a way encompassing a total ideal of art; the use of music, drama, spectacle, dance, etc. to synthesize total art. Interrelated Stylistic Concepts found in Wagner’s music: a. “Infinite melody”b. Erosion of hypermetric stabilityc. Constantly mobile, chromatic harmoniesd. Few detachable “numbers”, constant flow of musical discoursee. Role of orchestraf. Leitmotivic transformationg. Inner vs. Outer ActionLecture 21 (March 10)Historicism- the idea that in order to be a part of a musical tradition, one must know thetradition of music that has come before. Music is comprised of durable works that have stood the test of time. They can be referred back to in order to preserve their memory.Brahms and Wagner begin to quarrel over the “right” way to compose new “Music in the Western Art Tradition.” Historicism According to Wagner- the future is necessary to join the past; composers ought to take what they already know and move forward through innovation to create new works. Historicism According to Brahms- the past is necessary to join the future; there is no innovation possible without the pure cultivation and preservation of the styles of older music.Lecture 22 (March 12)Be familiar with the movement that incorporated modernism into nineteenth century music.Modernism- the testing of the limits of aesthetic construction. Elements of Modernism in music:1. An emphasis on language2. This lead to an emphasis on perceiving. 3. Reflexivity and ironyCharacteristics of Modernist Music:1. Comprehensiveness and depth2. Semantic specificity and density3. Extensions and destructions of tonalityLecture 23 (March 14)Be familiar with both sides of the “Music of the Future” Debate, and know which composers fell on which side of the debate. The “Music of the Future Controversy” was a great debate that arose as composers deliberated about the “right” was to proceed in music composition following the works of Beethoven. There were two sides to this debate: the side favoring Absolute Music and the side favoring Programmatic “Music of the Future” (see notes from Lecture 23). Lecture 24 (March 24)Be familiar with how the influence of Modernity in music lead to film music.Modernity- the state of being modernModernity in music began to