MUS M 402 1st Edition Exam 2 Study Guide Lectures 12 24 Lecture 12 February 12 How does Berlioz paint a musical picture of extraordinary things through his compositional style Programmatic music used to set the imagination wild through the use of orchestral color picturesque details that tell the storyline that Berlioz is trying to present Be familiar with the details of how this is done in both Symphony Fantastique and La Damnation de Faust Lecture 13 February 17 Romanticism and the Romantic Aesthetic a How might you contrast it to the classical aesthetic b What does it have to do with Beethoven What aspects of romanticism were influenced by Beethoven Romanticism refers to a compositional technique used by composers following the period of the Classical Aesthetic It reflects the idea of going after something that is bigger than oneself that could potentially destroy someone but is so intriguing to both the listener and the composer because it is unknown Lecture 14 February 19 In what ways did Beethoven influence the next generation of Romantic composers Consider the following aspects a b c d Extremes of size of emotion of contrast etc A sense of narrative in instrumental music program music Self conscious use of older musical styles for dramatic effects Formal experimentation Lecture 15 February 21 Lyric Binary Form be able to identify this in any piece of music A A B A Transcendental Music how do artists use generic expectations to make expressive effects What is the relationship between nationalism and romanticism How role folk culture or the idea of the folk Transcendental to transcend to go beyond basic skill with virtuosity to go beyond the boring reality of everyday life with music This technique was used very frequently by Chopin For the first time ever the idea of nationalism begins to creep into music For the first time ever nationalism begins to creep into music through the use of folk songs and other local elements Nationalism pride in one s country in music the idea that music can reflect pride in one s roots and where people came from Lecture 16 February 24 Bel canto opera Italian for beautiful singing the term for mid 19th century opera with increased drama larger staging and more powerful singing The structure of bel canto scenes scena cantabile tempo di mezzo cabaletta Cantabile a slower beautifully sung strophic vocal song accompanied by cantabile orchestral writing Cabaletta a bit faster than the Cantabile with a different mood and idea for music with a more upbeat orchestral accompaniment Lecture 17 February 26 Viva Vittorio Emanuele Re d Italia Long live Victor Emanuele king of Italy becomes the battle cry for the Italian people during this movement as Verdi s music become connected in nationalism Be familiar with Verdi s role with Italian nationalism during Italy s 1859 Risorgimento Resurgence movement and how this impacted his music and career Lecture 18 February 28 The Creation of Russianness during the Nineteenth Century involved The Mighty Five Russian composers Balakirev Cui Mussorgsky Rimsky Korsakov and Borodin who wished to create and establish a compositional style that was uniquely Russian Elements of Russian Nationalism in Music Emphasis on native literature and linguistic traditions Interest in folklore Patriotism Craving for independent identity Lecture 19 March 3 Be familiar with how German composers attempted to react to Beethoven following Beethoven s death After Beethoven s death composers dealt with a fair amount of anxiety asking themselves What comes next in music Both Brahms and Wagner were well known German composers who both claimed to know how to continue the generation of great German composers after Beethoven Brahms and Wagner felt that they were the next great Beethoven however they composed in vastly different styles Lecture 20 March 5 Be familiar with Wagner s Music and how he used interrelated stylistic concepts in his Gesamtskunstwerks Gesamtskunstwerk Wagner s name for his musical dramas or operas in which he would compose in a way encompassing a total ideal of art the use of music drama spectacle dance etc to synthesize total art Interrelated Stylistic Concepts found in Wagner s music a Infinite melody b Erosion of hypermetric stability c Constantly mobile chromatic harmonies d Few detachable numbers constant flow of musical discourse e Role of orchestra f Leitmotivic transformation g Inner vs Outer Action Lecture 21 March 10 Historicism the idea that in order to be a part of a musical tradition one must know the tradition of music that has come before Music is comprised of durable works that have stood the test of time They can be referred back to in order to preserve their memory Brahms and Wagner begin to quarrel over the right way to compose new Music in the Western Art Tradition Historicism According to Wagner the future is necessary to join the past composers ought to take what they already know and move forward through innovation to create new works Historicism According to Brahms the past is necessary to join the future there is no innovation possible without the pure cultivation and preservation of the styles of older music Lecture 22 March 12 Be familiar with the movement that incorporated modernism into nineteenth century music Modernism the testing of the limits of aesthetic construction Elements of Modernism in music 1 An emphasis on language 2 This lead to an emphasis on perceiving 3 Reflexivity and irony Characteristics of Modernist Music 1 2 3 Comprehensiveness and depth Semantic specificity and density Extensions and destructions of tonality Lecture 23 March 14 Be familiar with both sides of the Music of the Future Debate and know which composers fell on which side of the debate The Music of the Future Controversy was a great debate that arose as composers deliberated about the right was to proceed in music composition following the works of Beethoven There were two sides to this debate the side favoring Absolute Music and the side favoring Programmatic Music of the Future see notes from Lecture 23 Lecture 24 March 24 Be familiar with how the influence of Modernity in music lead to film music Modernity the state of being modern Modernity in music began to have an influence in the early 1900s as the development and advancement of machinery and technology increased Synchronized Sound Film music was a huge mark in music history where the performance and dialogue of the actors was coordinated with the picture