Module 9 09 A Diagnosing Disorders What does it mean to have a mental disorder That you have the listed symptoms and signs that is most closely related disease What is the DSM The standard classification of mental disorders used by mental health professionals and is used in a wide array of contexts How is it used to diagnose different disorders There is listed diagnosis criteria which includes what symptoms must be present and for how long it also includes what symptoms disorders and conditions that must not be present to qualify for a certain disease 09 B Etiology What does the word etiology mean The set of symptoms used to diagnose a disease What are some of the fundamental causes of psychological disorders Be able to explain how each of the following contribute to the experience of symptoms A combination of biological psychological and environmental factors Biological Genetics mental illnesses can run in families also many mental illnesses are linked to mutated gene functions Infections infections can cause brain damage and the development of mental illness or speed up the process ex Strep can cause PANDA Prenatal damage disruption of early fetal brain development or trauma that occurs at birth like loss of oxygen to the brain can be a factor in certain conditions like autism Substance abuse long term abuse has been linked to depression anxiety and paranoia Poor nutrition and even exposure to toxins Psychological severe psychological trauma suffered as a child An important early loss such as the loss of a parent Neglect Poor ability to relate to others Environmental stressors can trigger an illness in someone who is susceptible to mental illness maybe if it runs in their family This includes divorce death dysfunctional family lif low self esteem changing jobs or school social or cultural expectations culture that associates beauty and thinness can result in the development of an eating disorder 09 C Neurodevelopmental Disorders Autism Spectrum Disorder What are the major symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder ASD Not making eye contact not point at objects to show interest have trouble relating to others trouble understanding other people s feelings prefer not to be held or cuddled repeat actions over and over again trouble adapting when a routine changes unusual reactions to the way things smell taste look feel or sound and lose skills they once had Why is it called a spectrum disorder Because there is a range of symptoms people can have and the learning thinking and problem solving abilities of people with the disorder vary greatly some people are extremely gifted while others are severely challenged How might some of the symptoms relate to the concept of Theory of Mind Note we are not stating that the diagnosis implies a complete lack of ToM but rather we are asking you to think about how specific behaviors we would or would not observe would require ToM Theory of Mind knowing that other people have different attitudes thoughts and beliefs different than your own Symptoms like not doing pretend play would show a lack of theory of mind If a child shows interest in other people s feelings and can relate to them that shows the child has a Theory of Mind What are some factors that contribute to autism Include in your response the following Sex of the child autism is more common in males than females Age of a parent the older the mom or dad the chance of autism in the child increases Infection Certain infections can effect the brain and cause autism in people What are some possible explanations for why Autism diagnoses have increased dramatically in the past 20 years More symptoms are being considered autism broadening the spectrum Is there any evidence that autism can be caused by vaccinations NO What is a concordance rate and how does it provide evidence that both genetics and the environment play a role in Autism Concordance rate is the probability of 2 genetic relatives having the same disease Studies on twins and siblings if a sibling had autism it was much more likely that a younger sibling would also get autism Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD persistent pattern of inattention and hyperactivity impulsivity that interferes with functioning or a child s development What are the major symptoms of ADHD Inattantion Fails to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes Difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or plays activities Does not follow through on instructions Difficulty organizing tasks and activities Often loses things necessary for tasks or activities Easily distracted by extraneous stimuli Hyperactivity Fidgets with hands or feet or squirms in seat Runs about or climbs excessively in inappropriate situations Difficulty playing or engaging in leisure activities quietly Often on the go or acts as if driven by a motor Talks excessively Impulsivity Blurts out answers before question has been finished Difficulty awaiting a turn Interrupts or intrudes on others When do symptoms have to be observed in order to diagnose ADHD Symptoms must be persistent for at least 6 months and some of the symptoms must have been present as a child 12 years or younger they must also exist in 2 separate settings like school and home 09 D Bipolar Disorders Why is the term bipolar used to describe manic and depressive symptoms Because the 2 episodes are completely different from each other and there are 2 distinctive states What is mania An episode of at least 1 week of elevated expansive or unusually irritable mood as well as notably persistent goal directed activity is present This episode must be obvious to others and uncharacteristic of the individual s usual state behavior What is the difference between Bipolar I and Bipolar II Bipolar I is much more severe than Bipolar II Bipolar I experiences a full manic episode Bipolar II experiences one of more Major Depressive Episodes and at least one Hypomanic Episode there has never been a full Manic Episode What is the difference between a manic and hypomanic episode Manic episode is described above Hypomanic episode has the same symptoms are manic episodes but 1 the mood isn t severe enough to cause problems with the person working or socializing or to require hospitalization and 2 there are never any psychotic features present in a hypomanic episode Hypomanic is less manic 09 E Depressive Disorders Depression What are the major symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder Depressed mood most of the day nearly every day
View Full Document
Unlocking...