BBH 101 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE What is bio behavioral health o Devoted to understanding biological social and psychological influences on How people stay healthy Why people become ill How people respond when they do become ill Experiences and biology Mind Body mental social well being Health a complete state of well being physical It is not merely the absence of disease or o infirmity o The stat of optimum health is often called wellness The mind body relationship o In the earliest times it was believed that the mind and body are ONE 4 humors humors systemized by Greek thinkers around 400 BC Air water fire earth Hot dry cold wet o Middle ages same supernatural system Mysticism and demonology Disease punishment of God Cure torture evil out of the body Do penance through prayer and good works Healing is within the realm of the priest o Renaissance mind and body are TWO separate entities Dualistic concept of mind and body Attempts to break away from superstitions of past centuries Do not cannot interact of relate he was wrong Theologians priests and philosophers treat the mind Physicians heal the body physical evidence is the sole basis for diagnosis Lead to the development of modern medicine Technological strides to continue to separate mind and body Technological basis of medical practice Anton van Leeuwenhoek created microscope mid 1600s Giovanni Morgagni began to do autopsies began to learn about viruses bacteria systems and more about the body mid 1700s Medicine looked more to laboratory and less to the mind o Early 1900 s psychosomatic medicine Sigmund Freud psychological repressed conflicts are converted into physical disorders Believed you should repress your conflicts and try to push them out of your mind but then it would eventually pop up at some point Flanders Dunbar and Franz Alexander patterns of personality not specifically conflicts are linked to specific illnesses Psychological conflicts produce anxiety has a physiological effect through the autonomic nervous system current holistic view o Contemporary viewpoint despite criticisms of early views they did lay the groundwork for Physical health is interwoven with psychological and social environment All conditions of health and disease are interwoven this way THE MIND AND BODY CANNOT BE SEPERATED IN MATTERS OF o Biomedical model focuses on illness HEALTH AND ILLNESS Dominant model for the past 300 years An illness can be explained on the basis of aberrant somatic processes Psychological and social processes can be excluded independent of disease Health as a machine find what is broken and fix it Emphasizes disease and dysfunction Has made tremendous advances in medical treatments of infectious disease and acute physical trauma i e broken arm with advances it is no big deal but years ago it may have needed to be cut off Limitations Single factor model only biological factors count o Illness due to one factor a biological malfunction Mind body dualism cannot consider psychological social factors must know that overall happiness doesn t strongly effect your overall physical health well being o Biopsychosocial model focus on the system fundamental interplay of biological psychological and social factors George Engel 1969 Advantages Macro level processes psychological and social factors i e social support for depression are determinants of health Multiple factors mind and body both contribute in matters of health and illness Emphasis on both illness and health Changing nature of deaths o Used to die of many things i e tuberculosis flu which are now very curable o Now we die of things like heart disease and cancer Good news because we don t die early due to something treatable like flu Bad news because we do things every day that can lead to increase in our changes of these things Impact of Epidemiology o Epidemiology is the study of frequency distribution and causes of infectious has a viral agent and noninfectious diseases heart disease cannot catch from someone else in a population Morbidity how many people have it Mortality who dies of what Based on both physical and social environment Health care services o Largest service industry in the US o Emphasis on prevention has the potential of reducing health care costs Interested in things that prevent us from getting sick if we can learn how to keep people healthy we can reduce money spent on health care because we do not need to get tests MRI s etc o Most people in the US have direct contact with health care services The nature of a patient s access to health care cost distance etc and interaction with their health care system and what it provides can influence outcomes o How does stress and other stuff influence our health o Stress indirect effects behaviors anxious lack of sleep etc health weakened immune Bodily Systems system system o Stress direct effects physiological changes health o The Nervous System central nervous system brain and spinal cord and peripheral nervous Peripheral broken down into autonomic and somatic Autonomic is similar to automatic don t have control over o Broken into sympathetic and parasympathetic Sympathetic activates accelerates fight or flight Parasympathetic slows down brings body back to normal rest and digest o Emotion and the brain Amygdala Cerebral Cortex amygdala screens incoming information for its emotional significant mainly threat i e see a bear amygdala processes that it is a bear tells you to fear it and run i e see cop car lights in your rearview mirror amygdala tells you to be nervous because you did something wrong and to slow down pull over generates a more complete picture can override signals sent from the i e it s just your friend in a fur coat not a bear so you can relax i e you realize that you weren t speeding they cannot be pulling you over but now you are more cautious of how you are driving b c you have the idea that something of a threat to you can be around you so you are cautious Selye s General Adaptation Syndrome The body s reaction to stress all of these help you prepare for fight or flight promote more efficient activity o Peripheral blood vessels constrict in skin wants more blood to go to internal organs and large muscles having restricted blood flow helps you to not bleed out in an extreme circumstance o Goosebumps attempt to puff up hair like a cat to make yourself look bigger o Anal sphincter closes and urinary bladder relaxes o Pupils dilate better visual acuity o Heart accelerates Endocrine system o