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BBH 101 PROFESSOR SMYTH EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE Health Behaviors any and all behaviors that influence our health o Positive exercise use of sunblock good diet proper sleep o Negative smoking excessive drinking poor diet lack of sleep o Diseases of lifestyle heart disease and cancer top 2 Heart disease obesity tobacco high blood pressure cholesterol sedentary life style Cancer smoking tanning drinking improper diet environmental exposure increase seatbelt use risky behaviors under the influence of drugs alcohol home hazards increase risk of heart disease risk of cancer Injuries increase risk of injury When you look at leading causes of death most of them have MAJOR behavioral contributions as seen above o Goldilocks concept more good and less bad is not always key Often need a homeostatic balanced optimal range Not too much not too little o i e too much exercise can be detrimental but so can lack of exercise o i e too much sleep and too little sleep are also not ideal need a balanced Major issues for health psychology o Determine amount Who has good and or bad health behaviors How can we alter existing behaviors How can we prevent the development of harmful behaviors o Why do we do stupid unhealthy behaviors stuff What influences the development and maintenance of health behaviors Demographics cultural family religious Values Social factors Personal goals age gender race ethnicity address Relates to our culture the peer pressure what is portrayed as healthy beautiful in society do I want to run a marathon Do I want to get fit and healthy Or foods we eat i e is greasy food popular in your home region or is it fresh picked do I want to beat my high score on a video game you feel about smoking drinking Symptom perception Access to health care provider Cognitive factors beliefs feeling better greater motivation to be active healthy do you believe these behaviors are under your control what do you think about healthy behaviors How do Personal control Life is complicated but a healthy lifestyle is very possible o Self efficacy the belief that one s health behaviors are under one s own control Higher rates of self efficacy are related to greater healthier behaviors Lower rates of self efficacy are related to greater unhealthy behaviors Self efficacy is a target for measurement and intervention Measure people low in self efficacy may be at greater risk o Tells you who to target interventions at Intervention increasing self efficacy can improve likelihood of behavior change and maintenance o Enhance people s feelings of self efficacy Models of health behavior change o o Why do we do thigs we know put us at risk o Why do we NOT do things we know are good for us o Models of health behavior Address different problems have different strengths weaknesses Health belief model depends on 2 factors Belief in a health threat o Have general health values Understand outcome of bad behavior o Have specific beliefs about their vulnerability Understand susceptibility to the outcome if continued use of bad behavior i e everyone has heard smoking is bad for you but some people are in denial that it effects them o if you believe you are invincible to effects of smoking you are less likely to quit o if you believe smoking will kill you you are more likely to quit o Have beliefs about severity of the disorder outcome Understand in the severity the outcome will have on you i e skin cancer some people believe it is not severe you can just have it removed whereas other people believe in the severity of it and will use sunscreen to protect themselves in fear of the outcome Belief that specific health behavior can reduce the threat o Specific measures can be effective for a specific threat i e risk of skin cancer is decreased by using sunscreen and not going to tanning salon o Belief that the benefits outweigh the costs i e costs of giving up tanning look pale but benefit healthier and less susceptible to skin cancer obviously the benefits outweigh the costs your health is more important than you appearance Health behavior change is thus influenced by o Perception of health risk threat o Perception of whether health behavior CAN change o Belief that health behavior is Effective Desirable Easy to implement Attitudes and Behaviors what is the link between them o Our health beliefs might alter our attitudes about a certain health behavior i e smoking o Advertisement or other communications might try to influence our attitudes o Does attitude change always lead to health behavior change Not always Theory of planned behavior Health Behavior Attitudes toward a specific action subjective norms perceived control Behavioral Intention o Health behaviors are a direct result of behavioral intentions o Intentions are influenced by attitudes o Attitudes Intentions and Behavior Change o Attitudes 3 Toward a specific action beliefs about that outcome Evaluations of the desirability of outcome Subjective norms regarding the action Normative beliefs Motivation to comply Perceived behavioral control self efficacy Stages of change gradual process I believe I will be able to quit smoking vs I don t believe I ll be able to quit o Many important factors i e their attitudes they hold their self efficacy o must consider all of the factors when evaluating or designing a change program o success at changing one factor does not usually lead to behavior change i e changing attitudes may not result in actual behavior change gives us a stating place to realize why most behavior change plans are not successful or maintained o Precontemplation contemplation determination preparation action maintenance you have thought about this issue maybe I should think about making a change o Precontemplation o Contemplation o Determination preparation before you have even thought about the issue problem denial relapse recycle changes 0 3 months change i e haven t smoked for a year but were out at a party and gave in and smoked o Action o Maintenance o Relapse recycle engaging in behavior changing actions 3 6 months continuing to engage in the change 6 months deciding that something needs to be done motivated to make sends you back to earlier stages could not continue to follow through with o Addresses the misconception of all or nothing change o Change is a gradual process o Broad based interventions are NOT very effective because everyone is in different stages need to gear interventions towards particular stages o Relapse prevention relapse is a return to a


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PSU BBH 101 - Exam 2

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