BBH101%FINAL%EXAM%STUDY%GUIDE%!Final!exam!question!1:!Compare!and!contrast!the!biopsychosocial!&!biomedical!models.!!Include!the!advantages!of!the!biopsychosocial!&!the!biomedical!model.!• Biomedical%Model%%o Focus%on%illness%%o Dominant%model%for%the%past%300%years%%o All%illness%can%be%explained%on%the%basis%of%aberrant%somatic%processes.%%o Psychological/Social%processes%! Independent%of%disease%1revailing%model%in%medical%training%and%care%%o Health%as%a%machine%%o Emphasizes%disease%and%dysfunction%%o Fix%it%and%you%are%on%your%way!%%• Biopsychosocial%o George%Engel,%1969%%o Focuses%on%the%system%%o Fundamental%assumption:%%o Health%and%illness%are%consequences%of%the%in terplay%of%%! Biological% %%! Psychological%%! Social%factors%%%• Advantages%of%the%Biopsychosocial%Model%%o Macrolevel%processes%%o Psychological%and%social%factors%(social%support,%depression)%are%determinants%of%health%%o just%as%microlevel%processes%are.%%o %Multiple%factors%involved%in%health%and%illness%Final!exam!question!2:!Explain!how!changing!patterns!of!illness!have!contributed!to!the!rise!in!biobehavioral!health/health!psychology.!• In%the%past,%people%died%from%acute%illnesses%o Pnemonia%o Flu%• Medicine%improved%%o These%illnesses%are%now%treatable%o Pattern%has%shifted%more%towards%chronic%diseases%! Cancer%! Heart%disease%• Shift%calls%for%a%better%system%o Need%to%study%and%treat%diseases%o Need%to%learn%how%to%prevent%them%o BBH%and%HP%both%do%their%part%to%help%! Help%us%understand%why%people%get %sick%and%how%to%treat%them%Final!exam!question!3:!Describe!the!functioning!of!the!autonomic!nervous!system.!!Include!in!your!response!the!roles!of!the!sympathetic!and!parasympathetic!nervous!system!in!response!to!stress.!• Autonomic%nervous%system%%• Responsible%for%automatic%autonomic%responses%o Those%you%don’t%think%about%• Divided%into%two%parts%o Sympathetic%! Fight%or%flight%response%! Causes%adrenal%glands%to%release%hormones%• Causes%heart%race%to%increase%• Pupils%dilate%• Digestion%slows%o Parasympathetic%%! Down%regulation%from%fight%or%flight%response%! Lowers%heart%rate%! Helps%digestion%%Final!exam!question!4:!Is!stress!a!subjective!experience,!objective!experience,!or!both?!• Both%o Individual’s%ability%to%respond%to%events%in%their%own%way%o Example%! Loss%of%a%loved%one%• Subjective%levels%of%stress%• Everyone%receives%this%stress%! Stuck%in%traffic%• Objective%o Some%take%it%lightly%o
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