BBH 101Professor SmythExam #4 Study GuideSpring 2014SEXUAL BEHAVIOR/ STDS/ HIV AND AIDSa) Sexual Behavior:1. Still a taboo subject for many people and/or in many situations2. Sex is only something we do to make babies… but we don’t talk about itb) Typically conceptualized as sexual contact1. Oral, vaginal, other behaviorsi. “petting”2. About 45% sexually active by age 183. About 88% by age 25i. Majority of people have 1,2, or 3 sexual partners before entering collegeii. Every sexual encounter you have increases your risk of sexual diseasesc) “Risks” from sexual behavior1. Pregnancy2. STDs3. Especially HIV/AIDSd) Prevalence of STDs:1. 15 million new cases each yeari. Mostly chlamydia and gonorrhea2. Teenagers and young adults (<age 25) at higher riski. Accounting for nearly two-thirds of casesa. Risks from multiple sexual partners and unprotected sex3. Other factors related to higher riski. Living in povertya. Less access to contraceptionb. Financial access is limited as wellc. Lack of access to adequate health cared. Behaviors that lead to sexual disease are less knowne. Members of disenfranchised populations1. E.g. sex workers, homeless persons, persons with mental illnessSTD: SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASESa) HIV, herpes, gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilisb) Herpes:1. Viral disease with painful lesions and no curei. Virus- different forms that are all relatedii. Relies on immune system to control expression of the virus – appear when immune system is compromisec) Gonorrhea1. Bacterial infection of genital tract and urethrai. Pus fluid, swellingii. Treatable- if diagnosed early and can nearly recover fullyiii. Longer it goes untreated can significant spreadd) Chlamydia1. Bacterial parasite that can cause sterility in women if it infects the fallopian tubei. If left untreated can lead to infertilityii. Can be treated if treat earlye) Syphilis1. Bacterial disease with several stages, can result in dementia, paralysis, or deathi. It can transfer to nervous system and if left untreated can cause the serious symptomsii. Most serious STDiii. Is treatable if identified early thoughf) If you are sexually active:1. Critically important to be safe2. Get tested regularly3. Get treatment promptlyg) “Hidden” epidemic1. Symptoms are often delayed or minimali. Individual may be unawareii. This contributes to spread of disease2. Stigma associated with STDsi. May reduce disclosureii. May not seek health careiii. People will take precautions if aware they have the disease but the problem is most people do not know they have it which contributes to the severe spreading of STDsPRIMARY PREVENTION:a) Preventing the onset the first time1. Abstinence- not everyone’s favorite approach but the only truly effective approachb) Condom use1. What does this prevent? What does this not prevent?i. Prevents: HIV, pregnancy (“fairly good”)ii. Does not prevent herpes or diseases with open lesionsiii. How well do condom works?a. 94-96% effective in preventing pregnancy and HIVb. Cumulative risk- percent of getting pregnant or STD adds up with more times you have sexiv. Barriers to condom use:a. Access1. Can individuals get a condom?2. Being preparedc) Other prophylacticsi. Spermicides, sponge, IUD, dental dam, diaphragm, etc.a. Good at protecting pregnancy but they are not good at protecting STDs or STIsBBH 101Professor SmythExam #4 Study Guide Spring 2014- SEXUAL BEHAVIOR/ STDS/ HIV AND AIDS a) Sexual Behavior: 1. Still a taboo subject for many people and/or in many situations 2. Sex is only something we do to make babies… but we don’t talk about it b) Typically conceptualized as sexual contact 1. Oral, vaginal, other behaviors i. “petting” 2. About 45% sexually active by age 18 3. About 88% by age 25 i. Majority of people have 1,2, or 3 sexual partners before entering college ii. Every sexual encounter you have increases your risk of sexual diseases c) “Risks” from sexual behavior 1. Pregnancy 2. STDs3. Especially HIV/AIDS d) Prevalence of STDs: 1. 15 million new cases each year i. Mostly chlamydia and gonorrhea 2. Teenagers and young adults (<age 25) at higher risk i. Accounting for nearly two-thirds of cases a. Risks from multiple sexual partners and unprotected sex 3. Other factors related to higher risk i. Living in poverty a. Less access to contraception b. Financial access is limited as wellc. Lack of access to adequate health care d. Behaviors that lead to sexual disease are less known e. Members of disenfranchised populations 1. E.g. sex workers, homeless persons, persons with mental illness - STD: SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES a) HIV, herpes, gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilisb) Herpes: 1. Viral disease with painful lesions and no cure i. Virus- different forms that are all relatedii. Relies on immune system to control expression of the virus – appear when immune system is compromise c) Gonorrhea 1. Bacterial infection of genital tract and urethra i. Pus fluid, swelling ii. Treatable- if diagnosed early and can nearly recover fully iii. Longer it goes untreated can significant spread d) Chlamydia 1. Bacterial parasite that can cause sterility in women if it infects the fallopian tube i. If left untreated can lead to infertility ii. Can be treated if treat earlye) Syphilis 1. Bacterial disease with several stages, can result in dementia, paralysis, or death i. It can transfer to nervous system and if left untreated can cause the serious symptoms ii. Most serious STD iii. Is treatable if identified early though f) If you are sexually active: 1. Critically important to be safe 2. Get tested regularly 3. Get treatment promptly g) “Hidden” epidemic 1. Symptoms are often delayed or minimali. Individual may be unaware ii. This contributes to spread of disease 2. Stigma associated with STDs i. May reduce disclosure ii. May not seek health care iii. People will take precautions if aware they have the disease but the problem is most people do not know they have it which contributes to the severe spreading of STDs - PRIMARY PREVENTION: a) Preventing the onset the first time 1. Abstinence- not everyone’s favorite approach but the only truly effective approach b) Condom use1. What does this prevent? What does this not prevent? i. Prevents: HIV, pregnancy (“fairly good”) ii. Does not prevent herpes or diseases with open lesions iii. How well do condom works? a. 94-96% effective in preventing pregnancy and HIV b. Cumulative risk- percent of getting pregnant or STD adds up