Roots of Phycology The study of behavior and mental process Started in the stone age when people cut holes into skulls Socrates and Plato longer Aristotle You are born with knowledge The mind it separate from the body it continues event when the body is no disagreed with the second part through conducting observations knowledge is gained from experience Empiricism Phycology knowledge is gained through the senses smell touch hear observation experimentation and evidence provide the base for science began with biology study of life and philosophy study of knowledge Wilham Wudht father of phycology established the first formal lab ever it was located in Germany studies senses and perception wanted to measure the simplest mental task such as drinking water The Waves 1 Structuralism Edward B Tichener studies the parts of the mind concept proved unreliable 1 5 Functionalism William James studies the functions of the brain wrote the first phycological text theory is not used by modern phycologist 2 Gestalt perception study of how we perceive something ex old lady young lady photo The Whole of an Experience is more than the sum of its parts 3 Psychoanalytic Sigmund Freud behavior is unconscious we have unknown drives he spoke a lot about sex 4 Behavioralism Watson and Skinner studies how we behave and why at this time 1900s phycologist mainly focused on behavior not inner research through different interest approaches perceptions feelings Electric today The schools Biological Evolutionary study of brain and our inherited behaviors all behaviors have an organic root Treat alleviate biological disorders based off of Charles Darwin Natural Selection theory we behave the way we do because it was inherited Phychodynamic based from Sigmumd Fraud s phcyanaylistic behaviors are from unconscience drives Treatment revealing unknown hidden truths we behave the way we do due to observation and punishment treatment eliminate bad behaviors Behavioral Cognitive study of the brain how we perceive life Treatment trying to perceive life in a more positive way Humanistic Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow we all need love and acceptance from other humans Treatment becoming the best you can be or eliminating barriers between actual self and ideal self Social Cultural how our culture religion affects our behaviors idea that after we find out the outcome we think that we knew it all along looking for evidence that only confirms your belief while paying no attention to tend to believe very vague characteristics of yourself such as one told by a Hindsight Bias Confirmation Bias what disputes your belief Forer Effect fortune teller Research Methods Case Study one person or a small group of people is studied in depth Survey a group of people are studied Naturalistic Observation study in a natural environment does not explain behavior just describes it Correlation Study measuring the relationship between two factors does not prove anything just indicates a possibility Positive Correlation same direction Negative Correlation opposite direction illusory correlation tendency to perceive certain events that are actually not there Experimentation independent variable dependent variable experimental confounding variables unwanted differences between experimental group and group control group control group placebo fake treatment given to control group Studies of development cross sectional studying people of different ages longitude study of people over a long period of time Guidelines for studying APA humans voluntary no significant risk debrief explanation the experiment animals clear purpose treated well least amount of suffering possible obtainment of animal must be legal Descriptive Statistics to summarize data from a large group of people create a bar graph or line graph informed consent not needed as long as you don t get personal information measures central tendency mean medium and mode all the same in a normal distribution outliers skewed distributions those that are significantly different from the rest of the data high outliers positive distribution contains more low scores low outliers negative distribution contains more high scores Neurotransmitters Acetylcholine AcH movement learning memory movement learning attention emotion mood hunger arousal sleep Dopamine Serotonin Norepinephrine alertness arousal GABA inhibitory glutamate exhibitory endorphine body s natural pain killers Unit 3A Neurons basic building block of the neuron system Three main task receive carry pass on to next cell brain is made of about 100 billion neurons Come in all shapes and sizes Types spinal cord Sensory afferent carry information from the sensory receptors to the brain and Motor efferent carry out information from the brain and spinal chord to the muscles and glands skin located in frontal lobe interneurons bridge of sensory and motor cells in the brain and spinal cord 90 of all neurons Parts of the Neuron dendrites receive information from neighboring neuron cell body life support center of the cell axon transports information across the cell mythelin sheath protects the axon and speeds up neuron reactions damage in this results in ms terminal branches of axon ends of the neuron cell which connect to the dendrites of another cell and transports information Neural Impulse an electrical process communication within one neuron cell that occurs when ions are exchanged Resting potential state of neuron negatively charged on the inside positively charged on the outside polarized negatively charged membrane is closed right now Action potential impulse travels through the axon with help from the myelin shaft exhibitory signals outnumber inhibitory signals threshold neuron becomes depolarized Refractory period recharging neuron is trying to get back to resting potential right after action potential has occurred Transmission Synapse synaptic gap tiny space between two neurons to transmit information dendrites of receiving neuron and terminal branches of other neuron Synaptic vesicles gaps in the terminal button that release chemicals neurotransmitters in the synaptic gap neurotransmitters determines if the neuron fires or not Receptor Site location in which receiving neuron takes in specific neurotransmitters Reuptake recycling or absorption of any left over neurotransmitters Neurotransmitters Agonist mimics effect of neurotransmitters antagonist blocks effect of neurotransmitters reuptake inhibitors blocks reuptake neurotransmitters 3B
View Full Document
Unlocking...