Textile Industry is composed of Yarn spinners Fiber Manufacturers Fabric and Findings Manufacturers producers Converters that dye print and finish cloths Wholesale representatives that may sell fabrics to apparel producers Vs Apparel Industry is composed of Apparel manufacturers and contractors Garment wet processors Apparel wholesale representatives and direct importers whole may sell garments to retailers Apparel retailers Wholesale Either bought from or made by manufacturers finished garments are sold to retailers Vs Retail Buying finished products from manufacturers Retail then sells it to the ultimate consumer People Retailer stores today Lifestyle drives buyer decisions Apparel must be COMPELLING Want VS Need PRICE VALUE Vertical Integration When the same firm is responsible for multiple stages in the production marketing of and apparel Product The more V I you own the faster your production profit etc Vs Horizontal Integration Growing by acquiring more in each stage Ex more factories Contractors primarily provide labor and equipment they profit from their labor CMT Contractor Performs all the production operations to produce a style are called a Cut Make and Trim contractor Vs Manufacturers Have complete responsibility for the design fabric and findings purchasing production and sale of finished garments to the retailer Branded Labels Created under a label and sold at wholesale for distribution to retailers who also carry other brands Can be sold at Brands specialty outlet online Per Sample Buying Vs Private Labels Products developed for the exclusive distribution by a retailer Using their Proprietary Brand Ex Store Brands Publix Brand Specification Buying Inside Stores When manufacturers own their own factories the factories are called inside stores Tighter control over quality processes and procedures timing Delivery dates Savings on Time Transportation Rules and Regulations compliance Vs Outside Stores Companies that use independent contractors the I C are called outside stores No employees fewer labor fees demands etc No Factories No maintenance fees less initial capital Have Contractors easier to perform specialty work exchangeable Terms W Class Notes Global Trade International Trade The exchange of goods between nations and all the issues associated with that exchange Import The Buying goods from another country Customs Brokers are employed to help secure entry for the imported goods Export The Selling goods to another country Trade deficit Situation that occurs when a country Imports MORE goods than it exports Embargo The Prohibition of importing a product Tariff The Tax on imported goods Quota An Annual Limit on the volume of a product that may be imported Quality Assurance Labeling Care Labeling Rule states that labels must be permanently legible attached with reasonable instructions about regular care QUALITY Degree of excellence and conformance to requirements or the extent to which a garment meets expectations o Fabrics Findings Country of Origin Fit Finishing o Fabric Quality is assessed at all stages of production o FABRIC is of most important and 1 cost for garment o 2 Dimensions of Prod Quality Physical and Performance features IMPORTANT Quality Performance Durability Comfort and Appearance Cost ratio How much you re willing to pay for quality measured against what will be giving up for a lower price Registered Identification RN Business use this number on product labels instead of a company name Voluntary Labels Information presented on the label that is not required Ex Trademark brand name etc Trademark A registered brand name or symbol Copyright Exclusive right to reproduce a work of art Trade dress Shape and Features of the product itself that are distinctive but also identify the manufacturer of the product Counterfeit vs Knockoff A Knockoff is a copy near copy of a design under a different brand name while a Counterfeit is a fake copy of currently popular names that ILLEGALLY uses the trade mark Brand name of original producers Prevention vs Detection The apparel industry is most set on Preventing defects in product development instead of Detecting it later which creates waste raises costs and loses orders and jobs Defects in Apparel are either Functional or Aesthetic Standards Sizing Specifications Standards General guideline established by a company to reflect the overall quality level of its products Technical Flat Sketch of garment w details and written specifications Front Back sketch Detail measurements Written Instruction Specifications Open Specs For fast fashion generic basic specifications Vanity Sizing Expensive lines cut large to appeal to consumers who desire to think of themselves s wearing a small labeled size Rise Crotch Depth The Measurement from crotch level to the waist Specification Defines specifically how for particular styles of garment to meet the company s standards Fabric Thread type Weight Origin Finishes Production Specs Specifications for production standards Closed Specs Has specific requirements for construction techniques Styling Materials and Dimensions Size Migration Stores have their own dimensions for size so the size 14 migrates and has different measurements per each store and or garment U S A is the ONLY country who does not use metric system for sizing International Organization for Standards ISO has developed garment size standards Prototype Trial model or item or garment made from a pattern Costing has many categories Preliminary Costing Labor Fabric Findings Grading Is Increasing Decreasing the dimensions of a pattern to reflect the various sizes to be produced Grade Rules amounts added subtracted from each measurement Circumference Girth measurement most important because this varies on people more than Length Length Height Pattern Grading Varies due to ease sizing and fit standards Tolerance Variations that are allowed from specified criteria Fit How well the garment conforms to the dimensional human body Size System that suggests to consumers the suitability of a garment for their body dimensions NOTE The term SIZING is the classification of dimensions of the body Sample Size Start at midsize of target market and grade UP or DOWN 4 Common Female Body Shapes GLOBAL TADE Export Trading Companies ETC The Middle Man between producers manufacturers and the buyer from other countries North American Free Trade Agreement NAFTA Created to allow a single North American Market for goods originating in the United
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