GLY 1000 02 Dynamic Earth Study Guide for Midterm 1 Spring 2014 1 Aside from Earth the terrestrial planets are Mars Mercury and Venus 2 The gas giant or Jovian planets are Jupiter Saturn Uranus and Neptune 3 Our sun belongs to a galaxy known as The Milky Way 4 Comets are primarily a mixture of Ice and Dust 5 In 2006 The International Astronomical Union produced a major announcement concerning Pluto Which was planets Pluto has been of cially demoted from its former status as one of the nine major 6 An ancient greek philosopher concluded correctly that the Earth was spherical round 7 Who rst discovered four moons belonging to Jupiter proving conclusively that some bodies do not orbit around the Earth Galileo 8 An important contribution made by Copernicus is his correct assertion that the Sun was the center of Earth s orbit 9 Which of the following is NOT true about the Kuiper Belt a Gerald Kuiper predicted its existence in 1951 b In 1992 Astronomers discovered millions of icy objects in this region which is c It contains an object called Eris which is 20 larger than Pluto d Pluto and Eris are now both considered planets beyond Neptune 10 A transmits energy from one point to another in the form of periodic motions and is de ned by both the distance between this periodic motion and the number of them that pass a xed point in a given time interval Wave Wavelength Frequency 11 In agreement with the Big Bang Theory our Universe is Expanding 12 In our current understanding of the Big Bang The Universe is considerably older than the Earth 13 Researchers have determined that the Universe began expanding subsequent to the Big Bang When did this event occur 13 7 Ga ago 14 Strong evidence that the Universe is expanding comes from the fact that the light emitted from distant galaxies appears to be Red shifted 15 Waves that are blue shifted have shorter wavelengths than those that are red shifted true 16 Around 1929 Hubble and other astronomers discovered that the light of distant galaxies displayed red shifts relative to the light of nearby stars This means that a All distant galaxies are moving away from Earth at an immense velocity b These galaxies are moving away from a xed light source c The whole Universe is expanding d A B and C are correct e A and C are correct 17 First generation stars tend to be large and hot 18 The Hubble Telescope took this photo in 2009 of an object 7 500 light years away What is it Nebulae 19 By far the most common elements in the Universe and in our solar system are Hydrogen and Helium 20 Differentiation of the core from the mantle early in Earth s history was possible because the planet was at the time very hot 21 The metal alloy that makes up the core of Earth is as compared to the rocky mantle u denser 22 The shape of Earth s magnetic eld is approximately that of a dipole such as that produced by a bar magnet 23 If one were to ride a hot air balloon up into the atmosphere one would experience the concentration of gases becoming less dense 24 Leftovers from the protoplanetery disk that formed our Solar System after the Big Bang can be found where Oort cloud they speed up 25 As seismic earthquake generated waves travel downward and reach the Moho 26 An aurora shown below is produced when solar wind particles are directed toward the poles and excite atmospheric gases 27 Which of the following is NOT true about comets and asteroids both are composed of rock and ice 28 Substances that can be transformed to a gas at relatively low temperatures are termed volatiles 29 Hydrocarbons such as petroleum and natural gas are classi ed as organic materials 30 Topographically most of the ocean oor is made up of ocean plains 2 5 4 5 km below sea level 31 Which of the following is most representative of Earth s hydrosphere sur cial freshwater the oceans groundwater and atmospheric water 32 In the whole Earth the four most common elements are oxygen silicon magnesium and iron 33 If you were measuring the elevation of a mountain you would be measuring variation in whereas if you were doing the same on a mid ocean ridge you would be measuring variation in topography bathymetry 34 Glass is different from a mineral because it does not have atoms arranged in an orderly pattern 35 Which of the following is NOT an example of sediment a sand b ground up seashells c cobbles on a beach d None of the above are correct 36 A silica rich igneous rock that has coarse crystals and which makes up much of the 37 During a journey to the center of the Earth one would experience temperature continental crust is granite and pressure both increasing 38 Heat transfer that occurs through the movement of a uid driven by temperature differences among various points within the uid is termed convection 39 The densest layer of Earth is the inner core 40 The thickness of the Earth s crust varies from 7 to 70 km 41 Which layer of the Earth has the greatest density core 42 When you are warmed by the Sun you are experiencing as opposed to when you burn yourself touching a metal object whose other end is being heated you are experiencing radiation conduction 43 The Image below shows where a hot liquid rises into a cooler material and heat then conducts from the hot liquid into the cooler material advection 44 From left to right correctly label each section of this slice of the Earth crust upper mantle transition zone lower mantle liquid outer core solid inner core 45 As compared to the rocks that make up the crust Earth as a whole is considerably more dense discontinuity called the moho 46 The boundary between the crust and the mantle is marked by a seismic velocity 47 As compared to ultrama c rocks ma c rocks have a greater proportion of silica 48 Ophiolite sequences are important to geologists because they preserve oceanic crust 49 The distinction between the crust and the mantle is primarily on the basis of a difference in the distinction between the lithosphere and the asthenosphere is primarily on the basis of a difference in chemistry mineral content degree of physical rigidity 50 As compared to the asthenosphere the lithosphere is cooler and less able to ow 51 Without plate tectonics we would not have a plates in constant motion b mountain building c formation of new oceans d all the above are correct 52 Evidence for a united Pangaea comes from the fossil record of which type s of organisms a plants b large terrestrial animals c freshwater animals d all of the above are correct 53 The theory of plate
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