Lecture'9'Silicate'Minerals'• Known'as'the'rock'forming'minerals'• Dominate'the'Earth’s'crust'• The'anionic'unit'is'the'silica<oxygen'tetrahedron'Double<chain'Silicates'• Double'chain'of'Silica'tetrahedral'bonded'together'Single<'chain'silicates'• Single'chain'structures'bonded'with'Fe'and'Mg'Sheet'Silicates''• 2'dimensional'sheets'of'linked'tetrahedral'• Characterized'buy'one'direction'of'perfect'cleavage'Framework'silicates'• All'4'oxygen’s'in'the'Silica'tetrahedral'are'shared''Silicate'Minerals'• Silica'tetrahedral'link'together'by'sharing'oxygen’s'• More'shared'oxygen'=higher'Si:O'ratio'Non<Silicate'Minerals'Native'Metals'• Solids'composed'of'metal'atoms'Oxides'• Metal'cations'bonded'to'oxygen'anions'Sulfides'• Metal'cation'bonded'to'a'sulfate'anion'Halides'• Cation'bonded'to'halogen'anion'Carbonates'• Cation'bonded'to'CO3'2<'anion'group''Gems'• Gems'are'cut'and'polished'to'be'used'in'jewelry'• Minerals'with'special'value''• Rarity'• Beauty'Diamonds'• Diamonds'originate'under'extremely'high'pressure'• Rifting'causes'deep'mantle'rock'to'move'upward'• Diamonds'are'found'in'kimberlite'pipes'Other'Earth'Materials'Organic'compounds'• Organic'carbon'containing'compounds'Glasses'• Solid'substance'in'which'atoms'are'not'arranged'in'an'orderly'fashion'Melts'• Solid'material'heated'to'form'liquids.'Magma'rock'melt'below'Earth’s'surface.'Lava'–rock'melt'at'Earth’s'surface'Volatiles'• Materials'easily'transformed'into'gas'at'Earth'surface'What'you'should'know'• The'definition'of'a'mineral'• How'chemical'bonds'influence'mineral'properties'• Mineral'characteristics'•
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