Final Exam Review Questions Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. Scientists have determined that Mars has actively flowing water-filled stream channels. a. true b. false ____ 2. All the water in rivers and streams arrives directly from rainfall runoff. a. true b. false ____ 3. The primary stream fed by tributaries within a drainage basin is termed a ____________. a. lead stream c. taproot stream b. trunk stream d. pirate stream ____ 4. In uniform sediments with a relatively constant slope at the surface, a ____________ drainage network is expected. a. dendritic c. rectangular b. radial d. trellis ____ 5. In a region with prominent orthogonal sets of joints, a ____________ drainage network is expected. a. dendritic c. rectangular b. radial d. trellis ____ 6. In a region characterized by a parallel series of ridges and valleys, a ____________ drainage network is expected. a. dendritic c. rectangular b. radial d. trellis ____ 7. All flowing water on the continents’ surfaces is confined to stream channels. a. true b. false ____ 8. In the region immediately surrounding an isolated volcano, a ____________ drainage network is expected. a. dendritic c. rectangular b. radial d. trellis ____ 9. Ephemeral streams ____________. a. consist of a series of intertwined channels that are overloaded with sediment b. have flowing water either episodically or during a portion of the year c. have a channel that is highly sinuous (curvy) d. are those that divert flow from streams they have intersected through stream erosion. ____ 10. Although the Nile River is longer, the Amazon River has the greatest discharge of any stream on Earth. a. true b. false ____ 11. The deepest part of the channel, where the stream flows fastest, is the ____________. a. base level c. stream gradient b. floodplain d. thalweg____ 12. As the velocity of flow decreases, ____________. a. flow tends to become more laminar b. the maximum flow velocity decreases c. suspended sediment starts to be deposited d. All of the above are correct. ____ 13. The discharge of a river traveling through a humid region will typically ____________ downstream; the discharge of a river traveling through an arid region will typically ____________ downstream. a. increase; increase c. increase; decrease b. decrease; decrease d. decrease; increase ____ 14. Which has greater competence? a. a small mountain stream b. the Mississippi River ____ 15. Which has greater capacity? a. a small mountain stream b. the Mississippi River ____ 16. The sediment load of a stream consists of only those grains that are fine enough to stay in suspension. a. true b. false ____ 17. The stream gradient of most rivers ____________. a. is greater near the source than near the mouth b. is greater near the mouth than near the source c. does not change significantly as the river flows downstream d. is greater for a meandering stream than for any other type ____ 18. The lowest elevation to which a stream can downcut is the ____________. a. base level c. stream gradient b. floodplain d. thalweg ____ 19. The slope of a stream surface measured between two points along its course is the ____________. a. base level c. gradient b. floodplain d. thalweg ____ 20. Ultimately, the base level of a stream valley can be no lower than ____________. a. the average elevation of the continent on which it is found b. sea level c. the average elevation of the ocean basins ____ 21. All else being equal, water will flow faster in a stream that has a ____________. a. steep stream gradient b. gentle stream gradient ____ 22. All else being equal, water will flow faster in a stream with ____________. a. well-developed meanders b. a straight channel ____ 23. Moving away from its headwaters, the flow of a stream usually becomes more ____________. a. turbulent c. competent b. chaotic d. laminar ____ 24. The base level of a tributary would become ____________ if a dam and reservoir were constructed where it flowed into a trunk stream. a. lower c. faster b. slower d. higher____ 25. The distinction between a valley and a canyon is ____________. a. nonexistent; the two terms are synonymous b. the sides of a canyon are more steep than those of a valley c. the sides of a valley are more steep than those of a canyon d. valleys are often cut by streams; canyons are eroded out by the wind ____ 26. At a waterfall, where two sedimentary lithologies are juxtaposed, which lithology is more likely to form the cliff over which the water falls? a. sandstone b. shale ____ 27. Within a meander, where is sediment most likely to be deposited? a. on the outer banks of the meander b. on the inner banks of the meander c. uniformly to either side of the meander ____ 28. The inner edge of a meander, where sediment is deposited, is a(n) ____________. a. meander neck c. point bar b. cut bank d. abandoned meander ____ 29. Meandering streams ____________. a. consist of a series of intertwined channels that are overloaded with sediment b. have flowing water either episodically or during a portion of the year c. have a channel that is highly sinuous (curvy) d. are those that divert flow from streams they have intersected through stream erosion ____ 30. The outer edge of a meander, where material is being eroded, is a(n) ____________. a. meander neck c. point bar b. cut bank d. abandoned meander ____ 31. The flat-lying area surrounding a river channel is termed the ____________. a. base level c. stream gradient b. floodplain d. thalweg ____ 32. V-shaped stream valleys result from the downcutting of stream erosion and ____________. a. mass wasting on the valley sides c. the “rule of the V’s” b. isostatic rebound d. conservation of angular momentum ____ 33. Braided streams ____________. a. consist of a series of intertwined channels that are overloaded with sediment b. have flowing water either episodically or during a portion of the year c. have a channel that is highly sinuous (curvy) d. are antecedent ____ 34. The shape of a delta is primarily determined by ____________. a. the shape of the river channel near the mouth b. the average grain size of the suspended and bed loads c. whether river currents, wave-driven currents, or tidal currents are locally predominant d. the type of rock that is weathering at outcrop near the
View Full Document
Unlocking...