LAB 1 Bio Lab Review Explain how the process of science is non linear using an example from one of your lab investigations o I learned that the scientific method does not have to be applied to all lab experiments During the finding of the bones in LAB 1 I found that our predictions of the creature changed with the more bones we found This relates to science as scientists find new information and change their minds about certain experiments and theories testing a hypothesis Observation Hypothesis is an assumption that is based on observations and past information collected during investigations and experiments any information gathered through at least one of your senses tentative testable explanations from inferences that is grounded in observations explanation for a narrow set of phenomena Inference experiences Used to form hypothesis Experiment Data Evidence whether a hypothesis is supported or not supported Analysis Conclusion Revise hypothesis Develop more prediction questions What is the peer review process and why is it an essential component of is the product of data interpretation it is the justification for finding a resolution science o The review process is important for new discoveries and finding faults that the original experimenter might not have seen Publicity shared procedures help the scientific community spread ideas and compare results These shared experiments can eliminate biases misconduct errors or malpractices Explain how an observation is different from an inference how data is different than evidence and how a hypothesis is different from a prediction o Observation is different from inference in that it is gathered through at least one of your senses where as an inference is just an assumption based off of observations o Data differs from evidence in that data are measurements where evidence is the interpretation of data o Hypothesis and prediction are different because a hypothesis is a testable explanation while an inference is the possible outcome of a hypothesis Scientific Method o Observation Question o Hypothesis o Experiment Tentative Prediction o Hypothesis Supported Develop more predictions Questions Conclusion o Hypothesis NOT Supported Revise Hypothesis Continue testing LAB 2 What are the characteristics of living organisms o Growth reproduction maintain homeostasis sense and respond to stimuli and obtain use energy GRMSO a stable internal environment despite changes in the external the network that coordinates and controls all of these life Homeostasis environment Nervous system functions in animals an example Explain how organisms sense and respond to the environment and give o There are sensory neurons that the CNS processes from outside and inside the body Motor neurons control the contraction of skeletal muscle in response to instructions from the CNS Some animals lack a brain but have nerve nets of sensory and motor neurons that control muscles so they respond to stimuli with appropriate behaviors A cricket detects a predator with its antennae sensory structure Its motor structure responds with its wings and limbs that help it to flee the area The environmental signal would instill fear within the creature which would be in its nervous system convey information from both inside and outside the body control the contraction of skeletal muscle in response to eyes and skin Environmental signal Sensory structure on body Sensory neuron to the CNS Motor neuron instructions from the CNS collects sensory information and transmits instructions Motor structure Observable behavior Peripheral Nervous System PNS Central Nervous System CNS Explain how a cell s specialized structure makes it well suited to carry the brain and spinal cord out a specialized function o Some examples o 1 A red blood cell that has to carry oxygen through narrow blood vessels Structure shaped like a disk with indention in the middle the nervous tissue outside the CNS that Function bind and transport oxygen through circulatory o 2 A nerve cell that has to transport information to other nerve cells system or muscle cells Neuron Structure long extensions Neuron Function transmits electronic signals very rapidly over long distances o 3 An epithelial skin cell that forms a protective barrier around your body Function cover the surface of the body and line organs and Structure cells are a tightly bound continuous layer cavities within the body What are 4 structures both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have in common and why are these essential structures for cells to have o Cell membrane Cytoplasm DNA Ribosomes phospholipids bilayer with embedded proteins protects the double helix structure of nucleic acids information to direct cellular the gelatinous aqueous interior of all cells organelles that synthesize proteins by translating instruction Cell membrane cell DNA processes Cytoplasm Ribosomes from the DNA LAB 3 example Explain the term homeostasis Support your explanation with an o Maintaining a stable internal environment even when the external environments change Stability is referred to as steady state Your body maintains a stead internal temperature regardless of the temperature of your surroundings This is called thermoregulation sweating Regulation of water in body fluids Osmoregulation the amount of water in the bloodstream that controls the concentration of dissolved molecules in the blood and also determine blood volume and blood pressure Blood sugar Explain how drugs that interact with your nervous system also have effects on your other body systems o Alcohol causes the release of ADH resulting in excessive urinary water loss because the brain cannot signal the kidneys to reabsorb water Alcohol would be a depressant as it slows down the nervous system and decreases heart rate Excitatory neurotransmitters Inhibitory neurotransmitter amplify nerve impulses block nerve impulses Depressant heart blood blood vessels transports substances stimulates the affect portion of the nervous system by either Stimulant increasing the effect of an excitatory neurotransmitter OR blocking the effect of an inhibitory one have the opposite effect they either block the action of the excitatory neurotransmitter or increase the action of an inhibitory one The circulatory system throughout your body The respiratory system between blood and air Musculoskeletal system Digestive system and absorbs nutrients Reproductive system offspring Integumentary system Understand how standard deviation is