Bio Lab Review Questions 1 Define homeostasis and how your body maintains homeostasis process of maintaining a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment EXAMPLE be able to explain SHORT ANSWER body temperature oxygen in blood 2 Know the Standard Deviation Equation larger N smaller S n sample size If you decrease your sample size SD will be higher 3 The process of science is NONLINEAR Science always changes experiments vary they revisit and revise their answers and urine and PH hypothesis 4 Scenario from Pre Test be able to write a hypothesis prediction describe the difference between hypothesis and prediction 5 Hypothesis a tentative testable explanation for a narrow set of phenomena organisms supplemented with nutrients grow taller because nutrients are a limiting factor for growth 6 Prediction specific toward experiment based on hypothesis Flowers supplemented with fertilizer will grow taller than flowers not supplements with fertilizer Always write hypothesis on top of prediction 7 How do cells with in the body carryout different functions such as nerve and skin cells HINT all cells have some DNA Explain and draw nerve or cells NERVE CELL transmit electronic signals very rapidly over long distances structure long extensions SKIN CELL cover surface of body and lines organs and cavities with in the body structure cells are tightly bound continuous layer Dendrites axon leads to genes being turned on 8 Meiosis parent cell divides twice while the chromosomes double only once to produce four daughter cells the gametes only found in sex cells 9 Mitosis produces two daughter cells that are exact copies of the parent cells found in everything except sex cells 10 Recombination cells line up and share crossover chromatids 11 Independent Assortment cells line up and pair in different orders Not in mitosis because of no homologous chromosomes pairing LOOK AT DIAGRAM FOR BOTH FOR BETTER VISUAL 12 Two examples of symbiotic relationship between bacteria Saliva and digestive system good strands of ecoli producing vitamin C Bacteria for fermentation of food like yogurt Leech on human 13 Stabilizing selection intermediate phenotype is always selected babies with low birth weight don t survive as well as high birth weight mid weight babies are favored 14 Directional selection one phenotype goes toward one extreme head when environment changes antibiotic containing environments favor resistant strains of bacteria white moths had advantage on bark because predator couldn t see them industrial revolution produced soot that blanketed the trees and allowed dark moths to be more difficult for predators to spot 15 Disruptive selection two contrasting phenotypes African finch lives in an area there only small and large seeds are available never intermediate ones and birds with either small or large seeds are selected for because medium beaks are inefficient at cracking both sizes and seeds 16 Invasive Species not known to area and no predators Outcompete native species Disrupt food webs Have very fast growth 17 Nutrient cycle that depends on bacteria NITROGEN 18 Nutrient comprises up the backbone of DNA Phosphorus backbone 19 Phosphorus backbone nitrogenic base base pairs sugars make up DNA 20 Situation Increased algal growth low water clarity reduced light penetration These are all consequences of increased nutrients input in the eutrophic ecosystem Also known as nutrient runoff 21 Name three types of factors that disrupt balance of ecosystem Invasive species Pollution Excess nutrient input 22 Which is not a domain discussed in class PROTISTA Archaea Bacteria Eukarya are all domains bacteria and eukarya are where PATHOGENIC ORGANISMS are found on test 23 Primary Producer photosynthesizing organisms are able to trap light energy from the sun EXAMPLE terrestrial grass and plants aquatic plants and algae 24 Primary Consumer herbivores insects small fish snails that consume primary producers 25 Secondary Consumer rats frogs large fish that eat primary consumers Arrows in a trophic food web show transfer of energy 26 When does grazing become predation Grazing herbivore that eats grass but not the whole thing and it is able to grow back Predation When a rabbit eats a whole carrot including roots kills the plant and eats the Cows eating grass whole thing 27 What type of organism did we sample with our pitfall traps Terrestrial land and mobile invertebrates 28 What curve tells a scientist if they have collected enough samples to estimate the number of species in the habitat Species Accumulation Curve When it flattens off or steadies off we have enough samples 29 Evolution occurs by CHANCE then it is passed down through many generations 30 Can a trait be passed down if it is not genetically determined NO offspring s won t get certain phenotypes 31 What makes an organism fit High offspring count with high survival rates to maturity They need to be able to reproduce to be fit 32 Two lizards look similar share the same ecological niche can mate but are unable to produce offspring Are they considered the same species based on biological species NO they must produce fertile offspring to be the same specie 33 Which is not a type of prezygotic barrier Mule produced by a horse and donkey is not fertile postzygotic barrier Reduced hybrid fertility Prezygotic Barriers include temporal isolation when mating occurs at different season or times of day habitat isolation when populations live in different habitats and do not often meet behavioral isolation when little or no sexual attraction exists between populations mechanical isolation when structural differences prevent fertilization gametic isolations when eggs and sperm fail to unite Postzygotic Barriers Reduced Hybrid Viability when hybrid zygotes fail to develop to sexual maturity 1st generation always dies off Reduced Hybrid Fertility when hybrids do not produce functional gametes Horse Donkey Mule Hybrid Breakdown when hybrids of the next generation are feeble or sterile healthy but 2nd generation dies off 34 What is peer review process and why is it essential Makes science better and helps expand research Keeps integrity of science strong 35 Difference between observation and inference Observation any information gathered by at least one of your senses Inferences an assumption that is based on observations and past experiences 36 When can mitosis lead to cancer Damage and mutations in DNA Environment lifestyle Proto oncogenes intro in