Topic 12: Sexual Dysfunctions and TherapiesHyde Chapter 17· Sexual disorder:o A problem with sexual response that causes a person mental distress· Lifelong sexual disorder:o A sexual disorder that has been present ever since the person began sexual functioning· Acquired sexual disorder:o A sexual disorder that develops after a period of normal functioning· Hypoactive sexual desire (HSD):o A sexual disorder in which there is a lack of interest in sexual activity; also termed inhibited sexual desire or low sexual desire· Discrepancy of sexual desire:o A sexual disorder in which the partners have considerably different levels of sexual desire· Sexual aversion disorder: o A disorder in which the person feels an actual aversion or repulsion toward sex· Female sexual arousal disorder (FASD):o A sexual disorder in which there is a lack of response to sexual stimulation· Erectile disorder:o The inability to have or maintain an erection· Lifelong erectile disorder:o Cases of erectile disorder in which the man has never had an erection sufficient to have intercourse· Acquired erectile disorder: o Cases of erectile disorder in which the man at one time was able to have satisfactory erections but can no longer do so· Premature ejaculation:o A sexual disorder in which the man ejaculates too soon and thinks he cannot control when he ejaculates· Male orgasmic disorder:o A sexual disorder in which the man cannot have an orgasm, even though he is highly aroused and had a great deal of sexual stimulation· Female orgasmic disorder:o A sexual disorder in which the woman is unable to have an orgasm· Situational orgasmic disorder:o A case of orgasmic disorder in which the woman is able to have an orgasm in some situations (e.g., while masturbating) but not in others (e.g., while having sexual intercourse)· Dyspareunia:o Painful intercourse· Vaginismus:o A sexual disorder in which there is a spastic contraction of the muscles surrounding the entrance to the vagina, in some cases so severe that intercourse is impossible· Organic factors of sexual disorders:o Physical factors, such as disease or injury, that cause sexual disorders· Prior learning:o Things that people have learned earlier – for example, in childhood – that now affect their sexual response· Immediate causes:o Various factors that occur in the act of lovemaking that inhibit sexual response· Cognitive interference:o Negative thoughts that distract a person from focusing on the erotic experience· Spectatoring:o Masters and Johnson’s term for acting as an observer or judge of one’s own sexual performance; thought to contribute to sexual disorders· Behavior therapy:o A system of therapy based on learning theory, in which the focus is on the problem behavior and how it can be modified or changed· Sensate focus exercise:o A part of sex therapy developed by Masters and Johnson in which one partner caresses the other, the other communicates what is pleasurable, and there are no performance demands· Cognitive-behavioral therapy:o A form of therapy that combines behavior therapy and restructuring of negative thought patterns· Kegel exercises:o A part of sex therapy for women with orgasmic disorder, in which the woman exercises the muscles surrounding the vagina· Bibliotherapy:o The use of a self-help book to treat a disorder· Viagra:o A drug used in the treatment of erectile disorder· Penile prosthesis:o A surgical treatment for erectile dysfunction, in which inflatable tubes are inserted into the penisTopic 14: Future of SexualityTopic 13: ContraceptionHyde Chapter 7· Combination birth control pills:o Birth control pills that contain a combination of estrogen and progestin (progesterone)§ Prevents ovulation with high levels of estrogen§ 0.3 failure rate for perfect users, 8 percent for typical users§ Blood clotting, nausea, irritability, depression· Failure rate:o The pregnancy rate occurring using a particular contraceptive method; the percentage of women who will be pregnant after a year of use of the method· Triphasic pill:o A birth control pill containing a steady level of estrogen and three phases of progesterone, intended to mimic more closely women’s natural hormonal cycles· Intrauterine device (IUD):o A plastic device sometimes containing metal or a hormone that is inserted into the uterus for contraceptive purposes§ Prevents fertilization by releasing progesterone directly into the uterus· Diaphragm:o A cap-shaped rubber contraceptive device that fits inside a woman’s vagina over the cervix§ Put in 6 hours before sexual intercourse§ Blocks entrance to uterus so that sperm can’t get past the barrier· Male condom:o A contraceptive sheath that is placed over the penis§ Failure rate of 15 percent§ Female condom rate is 21 percent· Spermicide:o A substance that kills sperm· Douching:o Flushing out the inside of the vagina with a liquid· Withdrawal:o A method of birth control in which the man withdraws his penis from his partner’s vagina before he ejaculates· Rhythm: o A method of birth control that involves abstaining from intercourse around the time the woman ovulates· Calendar method:o A type of rhythm method of birth control in which the woman determines when she ovulates by keeping a calendar record of the length of her menstrual cycles· Basal body temperature (BBT) method:o A type of rhythm method of birth control in which the woman determines when she ovulates by keeping track of her temperature· Cervical mucus method:o A type of rhythm method of birth control in which the woman determines when she ovulates by checking her cervical mucus· Symptom-thermal method:o A type of rhythm method of birth control combining the basal body temperature method and the cervical mucus method· Sterilization:o A surgical procedure by which an individual is made sterile, that is, incapable of reproducing· Vasectomy:o A surgical procedure for male sterilization involving severing of the vans deferens· Laparoscopy:o A method of