Effects of PMSDysmenorrhea: pain during menstruation50-70% of women experience painPossible cause: higher levels of prostaglandinsTreatmentMedication to stop prostaglandin or relieve painExercise and yogaDiet changesHeating pads, massage, muscle relaxationOrgasmEffects of the cyclePMS (pre-menstrual syndrome): variety of symptoms that occur during the 4-7 days before menstruationPremenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD):Severe PMS symptoms3-8% of womenSelf-report data: happier around ovulation; more depressed, irritable, anxious, tired before menstruationCauses of mood fluctuationsBiological: hormone fluctuations cause changes in moodEvidenceWomen given pill that kept their hormones steady had less fluctuations in moodCultural: changes in mood are due to cultural expectationsEvidenceWomen told they were premenstrual reported more PMS symptoms than those who were told they were mid cycleOther Effects of the CycleSex driveEvidence of cyclical changes is mixedMasturbation/fantasy increases during menstrual phaseArousal to erotic films doesn’t fluctuateMost women fall into two groupsWomen who experience PMS symptoms have a higher sex drive at ovulationWomen who don’t experience PMS symptoms have a higher sex drive premenstrualClimacteric and MenopauseMenopause: cessation of menstrual cycleDo not suddenly stop menstruatingClimacteric: combo of physiological and psychological changes at the end of a woman’s reproductive yearsAverage age: 40-58Levels of estrogen declineCauses reproductive organs to atrophySecondary sexual characteristics changeBones become brittleOsteoporosis: less bone mass, easier to break bones70% of woman 80 years and older have osteoporosisMay experience hot flashes, insomnia, headachesDecreased sexual desires, increased pain during sex, less frequent intercoursePSYCH 3260 1st Edition Lecture 6Outline of Last Lecture I. Variations in Penis Size and ShapeII. The Menstruation CycleIII. The Menstrual Cyclea. The Follicular Phaseb. Ovulation Phasec. Luteal Phased. Menstrual PhaseOutline of Current Lecture I. Effects of PMSa. DysmenorrheaII. Effects of the cycleIII. Causes of mood fluctuationsa. Biologicalb. CulturalIV. Climacteric and MenopauseCurrent LectureEffects of PMS- Dysmenorrhea: pain during menstruation- 50-70% of women experience pain- Possible cause: higher levels of prostaglandins- Treatmento Medication to stop prostaglandin or relieve paino Exercise and yogao Diet changeso Heating pads, massage, muscle relaxationo OrgasmThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Effects of the cycle- PMS (pre-menstrual syndrome): variety of symptoms that occur during the 4-7 days before menstruationo Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD): Severe PMS symptoms 3-8% of women- Self-report data: happier around ovulation; more depressed, irritable, anxious, tired before menstruation Causes of mood fluctuations- Biological: hormone fluctuations cause changes in mood o Evidence Women given pill that kept their hormones steady had less fluctuations in mood- Cultural: changes in mood are due to cultural expectations o Evidence Women told they were premenstrual reported more PMS symptoms than those who were told they were mid cycle Other Effects of the Cycle- Sex driveo Evidence of cyclical changes is mixed Masturbation/fantasy increases during menstrual phase Arousal to erotic films doesn’t fluctuate- Most women fall into two groupso Women who experience PMS symptoms have a higher sex drive at ovulationo Women who don’t experience PMS symptoms have a higher sex drive premenstrual Climacteric and Menopause- Menopause: cessation of menstrual cycleo Do not suddenly stop menstruating- Climacteric: combo of physiological and psychological changes at the end of a woman’s reproductive yearso Average age: 40-58- Levels of estrogen declineo Causes reproductive organs to atrophyo Secondary sexual characteristics changeo Bones become brittle Osteoporosis: less bone mass, easier to break bones 70% of woman 80 years and older have osteoporosis- May experience hot flashes, insomnia, headacheso Decreased sexual desires, increased pain during sex, less frequent
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