Puberty in males:Begins between 9 and 14Begins with enlargement of testesScrotum also thickens, testes fully descendIncrease in muscle mass, hair growth, voice changesSexual organs matureGrowth spurt: begins at 13, peaks at 14, adult height at 18-20Semenarche (initial ejaculation) around age 13Sperm production begins around 14Change may occur before other secondary sexual characteristic; boys who do not appear mature can be fertilePsychological implications of puberty:Body image:Girls more negative:Don’t like menstruation, body hair, weight gainFew are happy, even at normal weightBoys more positive:Like increased muscle mass, body hair, voice changeMost are happy at normal weight, unhappy when under or overweightNegative body image: higher risk of depression, eating disorders, low self esteemSexual behavior:Interest in sex increases with increase in hormonesMasturbation:Rates increase sharply in boys between 13-15Rates continue slow steady increase in girlsGender differences in rates continuesSexual contact:Same sex sexual behavior8-12% of teens, slightly more boys than girlsContact with opposite sex partner typically begins in this age rangeStarts with kissing, petting (groping)Girls at younger ages than boysFirst kiss for most by 13Older research: oral sex more common than intercourse, happened firstA little over half of 15-19 year olds have had oral sexViewed as less risky, way to have sexual contact and remain a virginNew research: oral sex does NOT happen first for mostSexual intercourse:Are teens “having sex at younger and younger ages”?No!Proportion of teens having ever had PIV sex has been declining since early 1990s (46.8% in 2013 vs. 54.1% in 1991)Less likely to have first PIV before age 15Mean age = 17.2First experience with PIV gender differences:Males:90% wanted to do it8% “went along with it”; 0.3% forcedMostly due to curiosity, then affectionFemales:70% wanted to do it24% “went along with it”; 4$ forcedMostly due to affection, then curiosityFirst PIV usually with long term partnerFirst PIV usually not plannedAbout 20-30% do not have PIV during teen yearsAbstinence: refraining from all forms of sexMore likely to be abstinent if they:Have positive self imageLive with both parentsFeel connected to familyDiscuss sex and abstinence with parentsBelieve mother disapprovesAre intelligentGirls tend to feel more positively about it; boys tend to feel embarrassedHomosexual Identity DevelopmentAwareness of sexual orientation on average: between 8 and 9May not adopt homosexual identity for many years, howeverCass’s modelBreaks homosexual identity development into 6 stagesNon-linear model: some don’t go through all stages, go out of order, slip backPSYCH 3260 1st Edition Lecture 16 Outline of Last Lecture I. Sexuality in Middle ChildhoodII. Sexuality in Adolescencea. Adolescenceb. Puberty c. Puberty in FemalesOutline of Current Lecture I. Puberty in malesII. Psychological implications of pubertyIII. Sexual behavior in AdolescenceIV. Homosexual Identity Development (intro)Current Lecture- Puberty in males:o Begins between 9 and 14o Begins with enlargement of testes Scrotum also thickens, testes fully descendo Increase in muscle mass, hair growth, voice changeso Sexual organs matureo Growth spurt: begins at 13, peaks at 14, adult height at 18-20o Semenarche (initial ejaculation) around age 13 Sperm production begins around 14 Change may occur before other secondary sexual characteristic; boys who do not appear mature can be fertileThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Psychological implications of puberty:o Body image: Girls more negative: Don’t like menstruation, body hair, weight gain  Few are happy, even at normal weight  Boys more positive: Like increased muscle mass, body hair, voice change Most are happy at normal weight, unhappy when under or overweighto Negative body image: higher risk of depression, eating disorders, low self esteem- Sexual behavior:o Interest in sex increases with increase in hormoneso Masturbation: Rates increase sharply in boys between 13-15  Rates continue slow steady increase in girls Gender differences in rates continueso Sexual contact: Same sex sexual behavior 8-12% of teens, slightly more boys than girls Contact with opposite sex partner typically begins in this age range Starts with kissing, petting (groping)- Girls at younger ages than boys- First kiss for most by 13 Older research: oral sex more common than intercourse, happened first A little over half of 15-19 year olds have had oral sex Viewed as less risky, way to have sexual contact and remain a virgin New research: oral sex does NOT happen first for mosto Sexual intercourse: Are teens “having sex at younger and younger ages”? No!- Proportion of teens having ever had PIV sex has been declining since early 1990s (46.8% in 2013 vs. 54.1% in 1991)- Less likely to have first PIV before age 15 Mean age = 17.2o First experience with PIV gender differences: Males: 90% wanted to do it 8% “went along with it”; 0.3% forced Mostly due to curiosity, then affection Females: 70% wanted to do it 24% “went along with it”; 4$ forced Mostly due to affection, then curiosity o First PIV usually with long term partnero First PIV usually not plannedo About 20-30% do not have PIV during teen years Abstinence: refraining from all forms of sex More likely to be abstinent if they: Have positive self image  Live with both parents Feel connected to family  Discuss sex and abstinence with parents Believe mother disapproves  Are intelligent  Girls tend to feel more positively about it; boys tend to feel embarrassed  Homosexual Identity Development - Awareness of sexual orientation on average: between 8 and 9 o May not adopt homosexual identity for many years, howevero Cass’s model Breaks homosexual identity development into 6 stages Non-linear model: some don’t go through all stages, go out of order, slip