Chapter 4: GenderGender vs. SexSex: biological aspects of being male or femaleWhat chromosome do you have?What glands do you have?What are your external genitalia like?Gender: behavioral, psychosocial, and social characteristics of men and womenWhat society sets for how you should actGender RolesGender roles: culturally defined behaviors seen as appropriate for males or femalesMajority of gender differences are not found universally- therefore we determine gender to be determined by rules that are setThought to be a product of cultural influencesSome innate differences may exist (aggression, activity level), but likely small and strengthened by cultureMasculinity, Femininity, and AndrogynyBem proposed that masculinity and femininity are separate dimensions of personalityAndrogynyAdvantageous?Bem says yes, because androgyny provides flexibilityMasculine traits lead to better adjustment and higher self-esteemCultural changes:Cultural definitions of gender roles change over timeTraits Bem created in 1971 no longer work to define masculinity (only 8 out of 20, 12 of the masculine traits were now considered gender neutral traits)The femininity traits did not changeThis means women can now take on a lot of traits that women weren’t “allowed” to in the past, women are given more flexibilityChanges help move towards more equality in expectations of different gendersMore acceptable/tolerance of differences, allowing people to be themselvesChanges can lead to confusion, fear, and hostilityThe Sex/Gender Spectrum: Moving Beyond the BinaryIntersex (aka disorders of Sexual Development):May have:Genitals that are not clearly male or femaleChromosomal sex other than XX or XYMix of male and female internal and external organsPSYCH 3260 1st Edition Lecture 8 Outline of Last Lecture I. Problems relating to menstruationa. Endometriosis II. Sperm Production and Circumcisiona. Spermb. Circumcisionc. Female Genital CuttingOutline of Current Lecture I. Gender vs. SexII. Gender RolesIII. Masculinity, Femininity, and Androgyny a. Cultural changesIV. The Sex/Gender Spectrum: Moving Beyond the BinaryCurrent LectureChapter 4: GenderGender vs. Sex -Sex: biological aspects of being male or femaleo What chromosome do you have? o What glands do you have?o What are your external genitalia like?-Gender: behavioral, psychosocial, and social characteristics of men and women o What society sets for how you should act Gender Roles-Gender roles: culturally defined behaviors seen as appropriate for males or females-Majority of gender differences are not found universally- therefore we determine gender to be determined by rules that are set o Thought to be a product of cultural influenceso Some innate differences may exist (aggression, activity level), but likely small and strengthened by cultureThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Masculinity, Femininity, and Androgyny-Bem proposed that masculinity and femininity are separate dimensions of personality-Androgynyo Advantageous?Bem says yes, because androgyny provides flexibilityMasculine traits lead to better adjustment and higher self-esteem -Cultural changes: o Cultural definitions of gender roles change over timeTraits Bem created in 1971 no longer work to define masculinity (only 8 out of 20, 12 of the masculine traits were now considered gender neutral traits)The femininity traits did not changeThis means women can now take on a lot of traits that women weren’t “allowed” to in the past, women are given more flexibility o Changes help move towards more equality in expectations of different gendersMore acceptable/tolerance of differences, allowing people to be themselves o Changes can lead to confusion, fear, and hostilityThe Sex/Gender Spectrum: Moving Beyond the Binary-Intersex (aka disorders of Sexual Development): o May have:Genitals that are not clearly male or femaleChromosomal sex other than XX or XY Mix of male and female internal and external