Lecture 6 Operant Conditioning v classical conditioning Operant doing new skills Classical conditioning you use old skills to do other things Thordike Law of Effect You are doing new skills Ex cat is pulling the lever o Cat doesn t understand the consequence of its behavior o If an action brings about a reward then that action can become stamped in the mind Behavior changes due to its consequences the learning theory you are trying to achieve the consequences that you want If you want to learn a new behavior you would use trial and error basically doing random actions and getting to do it by trial and error Different than cognitive theory o In cognitive theory use your memory beliefs expectations to help you plan it out to achieve the goal Don t believe that people are acting on their expectation Watson thordike skinner Operant condition Ex from the show trying to train new behaviors unnatural behaviors into her o You train a person animal based on the rewards positive and negative reinforcement is used B F Skinner Rewards punishments Things that you like 60s music mac and cheese beer TV video games adding in positive reinforcement or taking away in negative punishment Things you don t like homework cleaning dishes noise pain practical jokes adding in positive punishment or taking away in negative reinforcement Behaviors You want close the door take out trash clean room do landry make dinner You don t want talking eating my food significant other all the time staying up late hitting snooze button Positive adding something Negative taking away Reinforcement behavior to increase Punishment want behavior to decrease Reinforcement is more effective for punishment to be effecting needs to be immediate and consistent o EX you always slow down when you pass by a speeding camera o EX you get money when you don t speed very effective reinforcement punishment increase most likely the action or behavior comes before the Positive reinforcement adding something for a behavior to Playing 60s music when your roommate takes out the trash Positive punishment adding something for the behavior to Spanking adding pain to decrease the behavior from reoccurring Add noise when you re roommate eats your food Negative reinforcement taking something away to increase a decrease behavior Every time you do my homework I will take away your pain Negative punishment take something positive away to decrease the behavior Next time your roommate stays up late you take away the videogames In the US our penal system is based a lot on negative punishment When people go to jail you are taking away their freedoms Determine 1 What is the behavior that we are talking about 2 do you want the behavior to increase or decrease Reinforcement or punishment 3 Are you adding something or taking something away Positive or negative the reinforcement Schedules of Reinforcement when and how many times to use EX train to take off the trash Use positive reinforcement Give mac and cheese when you take out the trash Continuous Every single time you take out the trash you will give them mac and cheese FIXED v Variable Fixed everytime Variable once in a while Ratio v Interval Ratio number of times the behavior happens Interval time period Ratio FIXED or VARIABLE Interval FIXED or VARIABLE Fixed ratio Every two times you take out the trash I will give you mac and cheese Every five fliers that you give out I will give you 10 sense Fixed Interval You can give out 1 flier in the hour or you can give out 100 If you get paid up the hour fliers in the hour you will still get the same money As long as you have taken out the trash once in the week then you will get one bowl of mac and cheese Variable Ratio kind of like average of times that you have done something Slot machines you don t know which pull you are going to get rewarded the jackpot Average about every 100 pulls you will get the jackpot average in a year every 100 pulls but you are not sure doesn t have to exactly be the 100th pull Variable Interval not exactly every hour or every day or every week Fishing averages out to be every week or every day or every month If dog pees sometimes during the day but every day not sure what time she pees then you will give her a treat
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