1 According to the Revised Garbage Can Model the decision making process is Chaotic 2 According to the Revised Garbage Can Model the decision making process can be understood in the context of Three separate streams that operate independently The problem political policy streams 3 The three streams of the revised garbage can model of decision making operate 4 The three streams of the revised garbage can model of decision making are separate and 5 The stream refers to an understanding of how and why one set of problems rather than another comes to occupy officials attention 6 The stream represents the pulse of the nation as conveyed through public interdependently False operate independently True Problem and special interest campaigns Political staffers formulate policy proposals Policy 7 The stream is where administrators technocrats researchers and political 8 Policy advocates increase their chances of influencing the agenda setting process given the convergence of The problem political and policy streams 9 When a problem emerges and the political climate is ripe for certain policy preference a 10 The Revised Garbage Can style of decision making assumes that a diverse group of widens Window individuals will act in consultative capacity False Participatory Model makers with a wealth of information 11 The Participatory model is advantageous insofar as provide decision 12 Organizations that are said to be more inclined to underemphasize organizational values and goals and overemphasize the values and goals of clientele groups are 13 Consistent with European oligarchies the American system of government was founded on the principle of popular sovereignty the embodiment of which is the right to participate in the electoral process 14 In contrast to participatory decision making and pluralism elite theory assumes that a selected few are afforded the privilege of making decisions True Captive True True 15 From a decision making perspective being one of the elite may center on an individual s Knowledge education status 16 Public choice theory is a school of thought derived from 17 Public choice theorists underscore the importance of social equity microeconomics False 18 Public choice theorists underscore the importance of 19 The primary goal of groupthink styled decision making group is to maintain 20 Groupthink is characterized by freewheeling something often observed and encouraged Efficency Power and cohesive groups in brainstorming False 21 Group think is characterized by Extreme conformity that gets in the way of any critical analysis 22 The circumstances under which groupthink occurs tend to coincide with the options listed below EXCEPT It coincides with directive leadership group homogeneity in terms of ideals and background and isolation from outside influences 23 Participatory decision making assumes A diverse group of individuals will act in consultative capacity 24 Elite theory assumes A selected few are afforded the privilege of making decisions 25 The political decision making model assumes Intra organizational coalitions compete for influence 26 Public choice theory is derived from microeconomics 27 Public choice theory assumes that Self interest determines how decisions are made 28 Fundamental change is difficult to achieve via incrementalism because it True it allows failing governments agencies and programs to continue and expand 29 Which of the following is NOT one of the circumstances which tends to encourage groupthink It occurs during with directive leadership group homogeneity in terms of ideals and background and isolation from outside influences 30 Rationalization is a symptom of groupthink because True the shared rationalizations are used to dismiss warning signs of potential dangers of groupthink 31 Which of the following are NOT means of helping to avoid groupthink Means to avoid group think o Leader of group should avoid stating his or her preference o Leader should designate a member of the group to serve as the devils advocate o Outside experts can be used as devils advocate o Anonymity fosters truthfulness o Leader has to create an environment where debate critical analysis and creativity are encouraged 32 Taking risks is central to creative decision making 34 In the revised garbage can model the problem political and public streams steer the 33 Effective brainstorming entails quantity over quality True True decision making process False problem political policy 35 The first step of decision making is setting an objective False pinpointing the problem and it should meet all of the want objectives False 36 To remain in the running a course of action should meet some of the must objective 37 When formulating alternative courses of action a decision maker should ask whether the problem has existed before 38 Wilson champions that Public Administration must emerge as a profession that is all of True the below EXCEPT True there are no options 39 Consistent with the notions of nineteenth century reformers like Wilson and Goodnow twentieth century analysts acknowledged the reality that appointed administrative officials function in an apolitical environment False they often take lead in making policy while lower level public officals often 40 The assumption that politics and administration could be separated was ultimately interpret policy disregarded as utopian True 41 Since they are endowed with great discretion public administrators fall victim to policy preferences from all sorts of stakeholders most notably Interest groups legislators media groups and rank and file citizens 42 Massively dense documents filled with calculations and figures are Budgets 43 According to the incremental approach the best decisions are logical that is decision makers try to meticulously account for every possible consequence involved in choosing one course of action over another False rational comprehensive school of decision making 44 The rational comprehensive school of decision making argues that pressures resulting from crises and deadlines limit the amount of time available for detailed analysis False incrementalist 45 The reflects the successes and failures of the various contenders agencies and departments fighting to avoid budget cuts through their relationships with powerful people and elected officials 46 Through their exercise of wide discretion street level bureaucrats essentially make policy 47 strive to lessen the autonomy of lower level bureaucrats 48 The
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