IQ outline Modern IQ test Lecture 18 Notes o Potential vs knowledge o Reliability and validity o Vocational success Nature nurture IQ o Evidence Pro Nature Twin studies Cyril Burt o Evidence Pro Nurture Twin Studies Deprivation Ethnic difference in IQ o The issue o Heredity o Cultural bias o Cultural disadvantage o Interaction of nature and nurture Why do people care about nature vs nurture Imperialists were into measure people cranial size height length of hands fingers etc They always found that white males won These measurements turned out to be false The modern IQ test developed at this time Eugenics human gene pool can be and should be changed to get superior human characteristics and to prevent people with undesirable characteristics for breeding In the USA the eugenics movement conducted forced sterilization often without the victim s knowledge or acceptance of black women mental retards prostitutes and criminals 60 000 70 000 people were sterilized the Nazi s cited this as their base idea for the Holocaust Cyril Burt used twin studies to determine if IQ is due to environmental or hereditary factors He found that IQ was based on hereditary factors his work became the basis for the British school system There is overwhelming evidence that Burt fabricated his data Twin Studies Take identical and fraternal twins and compare them to determine if IQ is hereditable Identical twins have the same genome while fraternal twins share the same proportion of genes as any other brother sister pair but they are the same age so they have been exposed to the same things To look at environment you compare twins reared together vs raised apart Reared together Reared apart Identical Twins Same G Same E Same G Different E Fraternal Twins Different G Same E Different G Different E fraternal twins in general Twins of any kind that are reared together have higher IQ correlation than twins reared apart Then look at correlation in IQ scores Evidence for heredity Identical twins IQ correlation is 0 85 Fraternal twins IQ correlation is 0 58 Identical twins raised apart IQ correlation is 0 67 which is better than Evidence for Environment If environmental factors are playing a role in IQ then by varying the environment should affect IQ scores IQ is normed to age group so you can get an IQ over someone s lifetime If environmental factors play a role in IQ and if you take people in deprived environment and people in the enhanced environment and follow them over time the gap between their IQ scores should get larger over time Why As time goes by the environment has more time to have an effect and that effect is cumulative over time THIS HAPPENS when you look at EXTREME cases if there is a moderate difference in environment there is a moderate IQ difference What environment tends to produce high IQ scores household run in orderly fashion exploration experimentation and independence are encouraged a wide range of toys and educational materials are available to the children the use of those toys is encouraged by the parents positive reinforcement is given for school achievement assistance for school is given parents themselves are truly interested in intellectual pursuits Reaction Range heredity sets range of possible IQs and environment sets where in that range your IQ falls a 20 25pt IQ range BOTH heredity and environment play a role in IQ scores people believe that 60 of IQ is inheritable and IQ is 40 environment Racial differences in IQ versions of the Bell Curve the popular and the statistical versions There ARE racial differences in IQ On average blacks score 10 12pts lower on the IQ test than whites and Asian Americans on average score 10pts higher than whites on the IQ test 1994 the Bell Curve talked about inheritability race and IQ There were two When you look at the extend of gene variability humans have a very low degree of gene variability as compared to almost any other species skin color differences developed very late in the genome the genes that control race are not associated with anything of importance in the human genome Human races are not biologically real entities there is not enough difference in the genome of the different races to have biological subspecies of race Race is like a color covering discriminating based on race would be like discriminating based on shirt color
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