Psychopathology Mood Disorders disturbance in mood inappropriate exaggerated or limited range of feelings Bipolar Disorder Symptoms Bipolar I at least one manic episode Mania is an intense high facing euphoria business dealings relationships or personal finances May have an elevated self esteem be more talkative have flight of ideas easy distraction or reduced sleep Can lead to severe difficulties in these areas and depression results Bipolar II periods of highs followed by depression but these highs are hypo manic meaning there not severe enough to cause impairment in functioning nor help for safety of a person Treatment Lithium and therapy and support Dysthymic Disorder Symptoms Depressed mood most of the day ongoing for at least two years Under or over eating sleep difficulties fatigue low self esteem difficulty with concentration or decision making and hopelessness Needs to occur for two years to lead to major depressive disorder and never have a manic episode Treatment Medication and or therapy Major Depressive disorder Symptoms Depressed mood reduced interest in activities that used to be enjoyed sleep disturbances loss of energy or a significant reduction in energy difficulty concentrating conversing paying attention or decision making suicidal thoughts or intentions Treatment Medications and therapy Prozac Paxil Wellbutrin Zoloft Psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy Personal and environmental factors Statistics 14 9 diagnosed with clinical depression Nearly half of all students report feeling depressed at some point With proper treatment nearly 80 of those with depression can make improvements Seasonal Affective Disorder Symptoms 20 50 yrs Fall Winter Depression hopelessness anxiety loss of energy and social withdrawal oversleeping lack of sex interest appetite changes carbs weight gain Trigger shortening of the days daylight savings Spring Summer sleeping less agitation irritability stress weight loss poor appetite increased sex drive Treatment light therapy medication psychotherapy Causes circadian rhythm melatonin levels serotonin levels Anxiety Disorders Agoraphobia Symptoms Extreme anxiety and fear Anxiety about being in places where escape may be difficult embarrassing or not available With or without panic disorder Person can rarely leave home Treatment Increasing the control a person feels of their fears and work through it Generalized Anxiety Symptoms General feelings of anxiety such as mild heart palpitations dizziness and excessive worry Difficult to control for the individual and not related to a specific event Not as severe as panic disorder Treatment Medication and or psychotherapy teaching how to gain control Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Symptoms Obsessions and compulsions that are seemingly uncontrollable thoughts and actions used to neutralize obsessions Disruptive behaviors to your daily activities Treatment Medication and psychotherapy to gain control and cope with stressors better to delve into the underlying thoughts Behavioral therapy as it was truly ruining her relationships and life Hoarding once something goes in it cannot be thrown out Stems from childhood problems or an event in life Nest of safety Treatment is really difficult Panic Disorder Symptoms Sudden attacks of intense fear or anxiety usually associated with numerous physical symptoms rapid breathing palpitations racing thoughts onset of a heart attack Treatment Accepting the panic attacks as psychological rather than physical and learning relaxation exercises to work through issues Untreated can lead to agoraphobia Phobias Symptoms Extreme anxiety and fear associated with the object or situation or avoidance Symptoms must be disruptive to everyday functioning Treatment Behavioral in nature the therapist guides the client through exercises more closely resembling the feared object or situation Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Re experiencing the trauma through nightmares obsessive thoughts and flashbacks to the event Avoidant component where the person isolates themselves from those who remind them of the event Treatment Psychological treatment with medications that can help alleviate some symptoms during treatment Get help Somatoform symptoms suggest a medical condition but no medical condition can be found Body Dysmorphic Symptoms Preoccupied with specific body part and belief it is deformed or defective Excessive and causes distress or significant impairment in functioning Treatment Because the disorder is most often gradual intervention is fdifficult and therapy is typically refused as well as medication Conversion Symptoms Deficits in voluntary motor or sensory functions which are not intentionally produced but which cannot be fully explained Significant impairment in functioning or history of resulting medical treatment that cannot explain it in any other way Treatment Therapy focusing on increasing coping skills and improving interpersonal and social functioning Hypochondriasis Symptoms Preoccupation with fears of having a serious disease based upon a misinterpretation of bodily sensations Preoccupation exists despite assurance from a physician that they do not have it Treatment Therapy is difficult due to the strong belief that the symptoms are not psychological so sometimes reframing therapy as stress reduction training can assist in acceptance of help Pain Disorder Symptoms Pain which causes significant distress or impairment in functioning which cannot be fully explained by a doctor Must be judged to be related to psychological factors and cannot be explained by another disorder Treatment Pain symptoms may decrease with therapy and improvements in social and interpersonal functioning Somatization Disorders Symptoms History of physical complaints prior to age 30 which occur over a period of several years Significant impairment in functioning or history of medical treatment Lack of explanation for most of the complaints Treatment Long term therapy and involvement of a single physician is important as a history of seeking medical attention and doctor shopping is common Dissociative Disorders disruption in consciousness memory identity or perception Dissociative Amnesia Symptoms memory gaps related to traumatic or stressful events which are too extreme to be accounted for by normal forgetting Dissipates with time as memory returns Dissociative Fugue Symptoms often during extreme stress Abrupt travel away from home and inability to remember important aspects of their life and
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