Consciousness and Awareness Self Awareness Aware of the sensations thoughts motivations and emotions that are occurring Self Aware to be self aware means that you understand that you exist as a separate entity from the rest of the world Egotism want to be the best Self recognition essential for our survival and are able to live in large groups because we can tell friend from foe Test mark on a child s cheek 2 years old and if they move their hand to the mark they recognize themselves Theory of mind comes from this step realizing other people have thoughts desires beliefs and knowledge but as they get older they are able to answer properly and attribute mental states 5 or 6 yrs Other people evaluating ME Pluralistic Ignorance multiple members of a group erroneously think that the other members of the group hold a different opinion or belief than your own When unsure whether there is a true emergency we look to the behavior of others to help clarify the situation if they don t respond we assume there is not an emergency Thus we assume that we know what is on their mind based on the behavior we observe but in fact we are unaware of what they are thinking False Consensus Effect when one member of a group erroneously thinks that everyone else share his opinion Emotions Why do we have emotions survival Basic emotions we are animals and we are conscious and emotional and therefore want to keep ourselves alive Are able to imagine our past and care to seek out the future Facial expressions are universal mechanisms that evolved to help others understand our emotions Universal emotions 1 Fear 2 Surprise 3 Anger 4 Disgust 5 Joy 6 Sadness Self conscious or Moral emotions can only feel if they can self reflect we imagine our conformity or nonconformity to society s norms Need to be capable of knowing how behaviors would affect or be perceived by others Needs to imagine how the reception of her behavior would reflect on her character 1 Guilt 2 Shame 3 Embarrassment 4 Pride Communicating basic emotions Facial expressions Laughing rats and apes Two Stage Model of Emotions Emotions have two components Arousal Cognitive component that involves labeling the emotion based on context Singer and Schachter epinephrine or a placebo but saying they were vitamin injections Results when people didnt have an explanation for the arousal they attributed their arousal to the situation but when they did have an explanation they associated it to the injection Have to have a physiological component but the interpretation is different Cantor Zillman and Bryant Had men run on a treadmill and waited in between and they saw a sex scene 5 min group liked it the most bc they did not attribute it to the treadmill bc there is enough of a pause for the attribution of the treadmill to go away Bridge Study being up high can lead to false arousal of the other sex Misattribution of arousal mistaking one emotion for another Stress Natural response hypothalamus sets off the alarms and signals which prompts the adrenal glands to release hormones adrenaline cortisol Adrenaline increases heart rate and elevates blood pressure to boost energy Cortisol increases sugars in the bloodstream and curbs unnecessary functions in the detrimental situation When stress is constant Overexposure to these hormones and disrupt bodily processes Heart disease sleep issues digestive problems depression obesity memory impairment skin problems Stress management The more effective you are at managing it the happier and more successful you will be and healthy Reactions Pain Overeating Anger Crying Depression Negativity Smoking Sleep Sleep Cycle Circadian Rhythm guides the daily waking and sleeping cycle Influenced by ambient light and melatonin which facilitates sleep Research Focus Circadian rhythms influence stereotype use in social judgements More energy at certain times of day and when they are tired they rely on stereotypes as a means of a shortcut Narcolepsy a sleep disorder that causes excessive sleepiness and frequent daytime sleep attacks Night terrors between stages 3 and 4 worse than nightmares Stages of Sleep Drowsiness when your eyes begin to close Light sleep muscles tense and relax which begins the sleep cycle Deep sleep body goes into a rhythm 10 30 mins Delta sleep deeper version of stage 3 REM when dreams occur twitching eyes increased heart rate and erratic breathing while muscles tense and contract 10mins Caffeine worsens insomnia Can cause people to take longer to fall asleep or more awakenings in the night Alcohol troubled fragmented sleep because your body will produce adrenaline to compensate for the alcohol in your system Disrupts neurotransmitters in the brain Causes less ReM time of all dreams 300 1000 per year Cigarettes nicotine is a stimulant that can keep you awake and interrupt sleep because it speeds up the heart and brain activity Smokers will wake up more often Meaning of Dreams Rats deprived of the ability to dream could not pass survival tests because of lack of dreaming Epiphenomena dreams excrescences of the brain with no function at all The mind s attempt to make sense of random neural firing while the body restores itself during sleep Threat dreams and percentages threat dreams is rehearsal for similar real events so that threat recognition and avoidance happens faster and more automatically Revonsuo s theory of why we dream Dreams served to protect us and simulate potential threats to prepare us to react quickly because of rehearsal Support and expansion of this theory sleep enhances memory and alertness Sleep provides practice and allows us to integrate and consolidate knowledge Rats and dreaming working through mazes as they dream replaying things to mimic events Maze patterns and brain stimulations seen through neuron firings Lucid Dreams when your in a dream and something odd occurs and you wonder about it Learn how to know that you are dreaming without waking and take the dream to where you want to go Sleep Deprivation Severely affects your body because it dulls your memory concentration and language Memory loss decreased desire for sex and lower tolerance
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