Terms concepts Definitions examples ADHD treatments Ritalin methylphenidate a stimulant which seems counterintuitive o ADHD means they are under aroused and arousing them more allows them to calm down o Slightly better positive behaviors compared to placebo o BUT huge difference in negative behaviors compared to o Can have side effects sleep issues lowered appetite twitches stunted growth or ware off o Not beneficial in the long run need to find a long term placebo solution o Risk of selling the medication Behavioral treatments can also be effective o Making people recognize their symptoms and helping them with self regulation o Help with social skills Downside of autism Applied behavioral analysis ABA intensive behavioral teaching treatment o Expensive o Huge time commitment o Strains the family dynamic other kids may feel neglected o Raise of IQ by 20 points on average o Without treatment long term prognosis is bad Positive psychology A lot of psychology focuses on the negative but it is important to strengthen the positive as well Questions such as what buffers stress for some What creates resiliency What helps us be happy Not about what happens that makes us happy rather how happy people interpret their lives stressful or not Secondary appraisal can I handle it Negative appraisal a threat Stress interpretation Primary appraisal an event happens and we decide whether it is Positive threat a challenge a stressor you can overcome The body has different responses to negative and positive appraisals Mind management Reframing changing the way you think about your situation to make it positive Stress inoculation training SIT helping people cope with situations by developing a positive mindset o Skills carry over into many areas learning to cope with stress helps them deal with a large range of situations Physical Stress Can be bad if stressed over a long period of time responses HPA GAS HPA fight or flight hypothalamus pituitary adrenal system Autonomic nervous system has sympathetic fight or flight and parasympathetic rest and digest nervous systems Hypothalamus regulates bodily function activates response to stress Activates pituitary gland releases ACTH to adrenal gland Adrenal gland releases cortisol and catecholamines Shows that there is a physiological response to stress GAS General adaptation syndrome response to any stressor Alarm phase mobilize resources Resistance phase cope with stress Exhaustion phase reserves depleted Stress and Heart and circulatory system sensitive to stress cardiovascular health High hostility levels are bad for your heart increased risk of heart o Type A behavior competitive high achieving more prone to hostility which is associated with heart problems Body management Manage body symptoms of stress Changing your thoughts Relaxation therapy relaxation response noticing tense muscles and relaxing them control heart rate breathing reduced blood Biofeedback measure pulse for example see it and learn to control train themselves to relax Aerobic exercise is important stress relief and might increase serotonin increases endorphins good for your body disease pressure Situation management Social support having supportive friends or family Optimism Some people tend to be more optimistic but you can train people to o Help through stress o Women are more likely to seek out support tend and befriend tendency Oxytocin hormone may be related to women seeking out support and nurturing Humor try to be more optimistic improves immune system Hardiness o Manage stress easier o Accepting challenges health promoting filters o Committed to dealing with their situation Different than focusing on the negative Can participate in positive psychology exercises online E g writing down what you would want your obituary to say look at what s missing what you want to add to your life E g actively showing positive emotions enthusiasm toward others E g Savoring enjoying moments e g showering eating E g Write down good things in your life E g telling people you are grateful gratitude visit Positive psychotherapy Focus on increasing positive emotions Gratitude Gratitude Appreciation A sense of good will Wanting to act in good will GQ 6 measure of gratitude o T F questionnaire to measure gratitude o High scores associated with positive emotions satisfaction vitality optimism low depression stress There is a benefit in increasing gratitude o People feel better more exercise optimistic Research counting blessings vs burdens o Kept journals of hassles gratitude or neutral events randomly assigned to one o Gratitude more optimistic felt better physically o Intensified daily recording led to greater global positive emotion