SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY the study of how the thoughts feelings and behavior of individuals are influenced by the actual imagined or implied presence of others Name and distinguish between three different types of social influence conformity compliance and internalization and provide a clear example of each o Conformity behavior induced by social pressure conform to aspect of cultural norms for what to wear whats cool normal and appropriate conform for different situations class party Halloween wedding o Compliance behavior induced by a blatant request Give me 5 dollars Would you do it if it was a stranger A police officer Young child Etc o Internalization becoming convinced of what is correct Everyone likes one brand of socks better than another you internalize this preference and actually believe that its true Differentiate between normative and informational influences and provide research examples that apply to just one and to both categories of influence adjusting to whats normal and Normative influence conforming to rules of other people feel more obligated to work a certain way culture has an effect may feel like we need to fit in so conforming but don t necessarily believe in it Shown through expected Asch s Line Study including effects of group size and non conformists showed a group a line on a card and asked them to find a matching line from a group of three lines on another card Some of the people in the group were collaborators and purposely picked the wrong card participants followed 76 37 out of 50 gave the confederates incorrect answer on at least one trial Participants conformed to a group of 3 or 4 as readily as they did to a larger group but when there was one other supporter it was 18 the amount of conformity decreased to 1 4th the amount if at least one confederate gave the correct answer when said write down answer people wrote down the correct one but said the incorrect one just wanted to fit in Informational social influence when do not know how to behave trust and copy others authorities We re not really sure what is going on There is a situation that seems to require an immediate judgment Others present presumably know more about the situation than we do Shown though looking at other peoples behavior and using it for source of valid accurate information Sherif s Autokenetic Effect Study People were put in a dark room with a red light autokinetic effect usually 2 6 inches but when in a room of people conformed to 4 inches When answer isn t obvious showed group norms are established through interaction and leveling off of extreme opinions results tend to be a compromise even if it s wrong Started out seeing different amounts of movement but started to agree on how far the dot moved because they had been convinced by others that was the correct amount of movement Smoke Filled Room Study in potential emergencies use other peoples reaction to determine if its an emergency or not When they were alone and saw smoke they immediately left yet when they were in a room of people it took twenty minutes When alone 75 reported when in group only 10 Group Polarization what it is how it can be explained by each tendency made by groups to be way more extreme than the decisions that are made by individuals BOTH Start off with moderate attitudes and end up with extreme ones Ex a group of cautious people will make a much more cautious decisions that they would have if they were alone within groups want to be similar and want to be valued if norm is to have extreme strong opinions you will too rivalry moderate opinions can become polarized Persuasive arg may not have thought of that idea opinion will become extreme Discuss the setup of the Stamford prison study including the steps that Zimbardo took to deindividuate the participants to increase conformity and the kinds of behaviors that resulted from prisoners and guards zimbardo had a set of social psychology variables that made ordinary people do unimaginable things The study included 70 men who flipped a coin to see who would be a guard and who would be a prisoner Deindividuation don t really think about ourselves think of as member of the group thinking like a group member when put on masks group behavior and norm is on our mind SOO z gave guards put on uniform and then symbols of power were given to them such as whistles They wore sunglasses to mask their identity Also Prisoners were given a smock and chain Zimbardo make a mock arrest the prisoners actually got arrested In the end they really molded into their roles guards kept on thinking of more humiliating and degrading things to do Roles of guards became so powerful that ended up treating prisoners as though they had done something wrong Prisoners had break downs Explain Milgram s study of obedience including o What participants believed the study was about believed it was a memory project on the affects of punishment o The setup procedure and instructions participants were given There were some teachers and some learners participants picked out of a hand even though learner was the same person every time The teacher would read a list of word pairs and the learner had to remember the pair If the learner got it wrong the teacher had to give them an electric shock Every time they got it wrong the voltages increased The teacher is able to hear the learner but not see them and in the beginning was given a sample shock The learner also told the instructor in the beginning that he has heart problems but the instructor ensured him that it would not cause him any harm When the teacher would hear the person scream they would all stop but the instructor would tell them to keep going the purpose of the experiment was to see if the teacher would listen to the instructors orders and continue or would listen to their conscious and stop After the experiment teachers were united with learner in a friendly environment and saw that he was ok o The results both then and from modern replications in some cases the teacher would repetitively say he wanted to stop and clearly did not want to continue but would do it because of the pressure from authority Modern replications of this experiment have included seeing the person and physically touching them This would not be done today it is extremely unethical and violates the beneficence guideline on how to do ethics The results of the experiments proved that human nature cannot be counted on if command comes from legitimate authority Calling the
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