Sex Drugs and Rock and Roll Sociobiological Intra species sexual selection more physically appealing to the mate Parental investment Attractive partners Sociosexual orientations norms or standards you think are appropriate in regard to sex The Pleasure Center Lets us know when something is enjoyable and reinforces the desire for us to perform the same pleasurable action again Reward Circuit Includes all kinds of pleasure from sex to laughter to drug use Pleasure Amygdala regulates emotions Nucleus accumbens controls release of dopamine Ventral tegmental area releases the dopamine Cerebellum controls muscle function Pituitary gland releases endorphins to decrease pain oxytocin which increases trust and bonding Men and women s brains during sex are very similar Women periaqueductal gray PAG which controls fight or flight is activated Relaxed and safe to have sex Anorgasmia inability to reach an orgasm Sexual Selection Those with the genes that make them successful at attracting a mate are the ones that create the next generation of attractive creatures Peacocks Sexual selection leads to the ability to produce progeny Passes on traits and survive reproductively in offspring Longer train is less survival rates Human Mating Strategies Describe the difference between survival selection and sexual selection Survival Sexual evolution of characteristics due to reproductive rather than survival advantage Describe the two components processes of sexual selection Intrasexual competition members of one sex mostly males engage in competitive battles and the victors gain respect or sexual access to females Not always physical combat but whatever qualities lead to success are passed on in greater numbers the result is evolution through sexual selection Intersexual competition preferences of members of one sex for members of the opposite sex who possess certain qualities which can change evolution and gear it to the frequency of desires of decrease of undesired qualities Explain how Triver s theory of parental investment explain why the females of a species tends to be the more selective in selecting sexual partners The sex that invests more in offspring would be more choosy about mates so the more an organism channels effort into parental investment the greater the benefits of careful mate choice The higher investing sex selected to be the most discriminating and the lower investing sex is the most competitive with members of their own sex State the six general characteristics that according to sociobiological theory a female would seek in a marriage partner Is able to invest resources in her and her children Willing to invest resources in her and her children Is able to physically protect her and her children Will show good parenting skills Will be sufficiently compatible in goals and values to enable strategic alignment without inflicting too many costs on her and her kids Describe the traits that Buss found to be universally desired by both sexes Intelligent kind understanding dependable and healthy mutual attraction and love desired more by women good financial prospect ambition industriousness desired more by men Good looking physically attractive younger Explain the evidence that males preference for age has more to do with fertility than with simply being younger than they are Teenage men look for older women because they have higher fertility than they do Describe the evidence that these general preferences exist cross culturally in actual marriages grooms were older than brides on avg 3 years and if divorced tend to marry younger personal ads women mentioning physical attractiveness and young age got higher response rates behavioral tactics women put more effort into appearance enhancement in mate attraction retention and focus on rivals flaws while men tend to display and bestow resources on the women they are trying to get and impinge on the rivals professional prospects Explain how Triver s theory of parental investment predicts attitudes towards casual sex specifically note the differences in reproductive potential Men have a greater desire for casual sex especially and reproduce much more Men also desire more sexual partners Describe the methodology and results of Clarke Hatfield s 1989 study and how those results support Triver s theory Of the women approached zero would answer yes to having sex with them while they answered yes to the other questions Of the men approached the most of them agreed to have sex with her out of all of the other questions Overall men are more inclined towards short term mating Explain the differences between males and females when it comes to jealousy What made men in a relationship jealous Females Retention men more than women would get upset about signals of sexual infidelity Display resources and threaten violence on other intersex rivals women more than men were predicted to get upset about signals of emotional infidelity since emotional involvement is a leading indicator of the diversion of these resources and commitments Intentionally evoke her partners jealousy through bettering her appearance The Sexual Response Cycle Sequence of physical and emotional changes that occur as a person becomes sexually aroused and participates in sexually stimulating activities Phases Excitement few mins an hour Muscle tension increases heart rate faster skin flushed nipples erect blood flow to the genitals lubrication and swelling Plateau phase one intensifies as well as swelling and sensitivity and muscle tensions and spasms increase Orgasm climax of the sexual response cycle Involuntary muscle contractions heart rate and blood pressure are highest release of sexual tension rash after Resolution body slowly returns to its normal level of functioning and body parts as well well being and enhanced intimacy or fatigue Men need refractory period Orgasm gap men are twice as likely to orgasm while women are more likely to perform oral sex than man Sexual Disorders Hypoactive Sexual Desire a sexual dysfunction and is characterized as a lack or absence of sexual fantasies and desire for sexual activity for some period of time Sexual Aversion Disorder a disorder characterized by disgust fear revulsion or lack of desire in consensual relationships involving genital contact Female sexual arousal disorder frequent inability to attain sexual arousal Male erectile disorder inability to maintain erection until completion of sexual activity Orgasm disorder inability to have
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