Exam 1 1 Jessica tends to think of herself as a unique person with individual personality traits interests and opinions She tends to make decisions on her own to look after her own needs and to think of herself as a self made woman It would be safe to say that Jessica has a n self construal a Independent 2 Psychologists typically use a statistic called to denote the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables a A correlation coefficient 3 The ability to make immediate sacrifices for later rewards is known as a The capacity to delay gratification 4 Which of the following statements is true regarding the phrase survival of the fittest a The term survival refers to survival of genes in a populations gene pool 5 Which of the following is NOT an automatic process for most American adults a Reciting the numbers 1 10 in alphabetical order 6 If you conduct a study and predict that X causes Y then X is the a Independent variable 7 Suppose that Ronnie is sitting in class that he is extremely hungry and that he spots his neighbor munching on a tempting snack Ronnie s automatic system might prompt him to a Take the snack away from his neighbor 8 Research suggests that one way to help people who are potentially suicidal is to encourage them a To more carefully monitor their behaviors to help correct the things that they do not like about themselves 9 In a classic article by sociologist Ralph Turner it was noted that different cultures at different times have tended to think about the true self as impulse self as impulse or as institution self as institution Self as impulse refers to a The persons inner thoughts and feelings 10 Social psychologists generally refer to two types of self awareness They are a Public self awareness and private self awareness 11 When social psychology began to come into its own as a field in the 1950s and 1960s mainstream psychology was divided between two main theoretical camps These were a Behaviorism and Freudian psychoanalysis 12 One day Annie happened to find a 5 bill in a jacket that she had not worn in two years On another day when she put a 5 into a change machine while doing laundry the machine ate her money and did not dispense any quarters Research suggests that losing the 5 bill would than finding the 5 bill in the jacket a Have a stronger psychological impact 13 In social psychology people who regard traits and abilities as fixed and stable are known as while people who believe that it is possible to change and improve traits and abilities are known as a Entity theorists incremental theorists 14 Research suggests that in order to flourish in life people need to have roughly positive emotions as negative emotions a Three times as many 15 Research has demonstrated that men and women perceive certain behaviors differently Men are more likely than women to assume that an innocent smile is a sign of flirtation while women are more likely than men to assume that blatant flirtation is merely a sign of friendliness These research findings are most consistent with a Error management theory 16 According to social psychological research students who suffer from test anxiety would be wise to while taking tests a Focus on low levels of meaning in identifying their actions 17 Research on the planning fallacy indicates that we tend to when making predictions about ourselves and we tend to when making predictions about other people a Be overly optimistic be realistic 18 Compared to people with high self esteem people with low self esteem are a Less willing to try again after failing to reach a goal 19 Research has shown that children are less likely to steal Halloween candy if there is a big mirror in front of them than if there is no mirror This finding illustrates the fact that a High self awareness tends to increase moral behavior 20 Research has shown that men tend to like cars more when car ads feature sexy women than when they don t Furthermore men aware that they like the cars more aware that the sexy women probably influenced their opinion a Are but are not 21 Research suggests that pursuing self esteem as an end in itself tends to a Lead to a variety of negative consequences 22 Given the research on positive illusions which of the following is probably NOT true a Most people in therapy for depression think that they ll recover faster than other patients 23 When we compare ourselves to people who are worse off than we are this is called a Downward social comparison 24 Which part of the self is most concerned with gaining social acceptance and fitting in a The interpersonal self 25 The term looking glass self was coined to refer to the idea that a We tend to judge ourselves rather than positively compared to how other people judge us 26 Based on early research by Norman Triplett with racing cyclists we should expect that children who walk one quarter of a mile alone will than children who walk one quarter of a mile in the presence of other children a Walk more slowly 27 People sometimes take life threatening risks such as not wearing helmets when riding motorcycles having unprotected sex sunbathing against a doctor s advice and driving far over the speed limit in order to look cool This demonstrates the strong power of a Self presentation 28 According to evolutionary theory the traits of which of the following men should be most favored by natural selection a Saul who has 4 biological children and dies when he is 25 29 Suppose that you are out on a date Although your date is somewhat entertaining you keep having intrusive thoughts about a home improvement project that you were in the middle of right before you had to leave to meet your date These thoughts are evidence of a The Zeigarnik effect 30 Dr Wirtz is conducting a study of the effects of regular cardiovascular exercise on happiness His research examines how people feel when they exercise for 250 minutes per week other behaviors that tend to produce happiness and people s thoughts about the relationship between exercise and happiness His study can be said to incorporate a The ABC triad 31 Cultural psychologists use the term praxis to describe a Practical ways of doing things 32 Although sociologists and social psychologists are both interested in group behavior sociologists tend to focus on whereas social psychologists tend to focus on a The group as a single unit individual members within the group 33 Social psychology is best defined as the study of a How our thoughts feelings and