Chapter 16 MULTIPLE CHOICE Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question 1 A differential cell count is used to determine each of the following EXCEPT A the number of red blood cells B the numbers of each type of white blood cell C the total number of white blood cells D leukopenia E leukocytosis Answer A 2 The lectin pathway for complement action is initiated by A gram negative cell walls B lectins of the microbe C mannose on host membranes D gram positive cell walls E mannose on the surface of microbes Answer E 3 Which of the following statements about the classical pathway of complement activation is FALSE A C3 is not involved in the classical pathway B C3b causes opsonization C C1 is the first protein activated in the classical pathway D The C1 protein complex is initiated by antigen antibody complexes E Cleaved fragments of some of the proteins act to increase inflammation Answer A 4 Which non specific defense mechanism is mismatched with its associated body structure or body fluid A mucociliary escalator intestines B very acidic pH stomach C cerumen and sebum ear D lysozyme tears and saliva E keratin and tightly packed cells skin Answer A 5 Which of the following is involved in resistance to parasitic helminths A eosinophils B basophils C neutrophils D lymphocytes E monocytes Answer A 1 6 Innate immunity A provides increased susceptibility to disease B involves a memory component C is nonspecific and present at birth D involves T cells and B cells E is slower than adaptive immunity in responding to pathogens Answer C 7 All of the following are iron binding proteins found in humans EXCEPT A siderophorin B lactoferrin C transferrin D hemoglobin E ferritin Answer A 8 Which of the following statements is TRUE A Complement activity is antigen specific B All of the complement proteins are constantly active in serum C Complement increases after immunization D Factors B D and P cause cytolysis E There are at least thirty complement proteins Answer E 9 Phagocytes utilize all of the following to optimize interaction with microorganisms EXCEPT A opsonization B trapping a bacterium against a rough surface C complement D lysozyme E chemotaxis Answer D 10 All of the following are components of the inflammatory process EXCEPT A diapedesis B release of histamines and prostaglandins C chemotaxis D antibody synthesis E dilation of blood vessels Answer A 11 The classical pathway for complement activation is initiated by A factors released from damaged tissues B lipid carbohydrate complexes and C3 C antigen antibody reactions D factors released from phagocytes E C5 C9 Answer C 2 12 Neutrophils with defective lysosomes are unable to A produce toxic oxygen products B attach to microorganisms and other foreign material C undergo chemotaxis D engulf microorganisms and other foreign material E migrate Answer A 13 Macrophages arise from which of the following A neutrophils B monocytes C basophils D lymphocytes E eosinophils Answer B 14 A chill is a sign that A blood vessels are dilating B body temperature is falling C body temperature is not changing D body temperature is rising E the metabolic rate is decreasing Answer D 15 Margination refers to A the adherence of phagocytes to microorganisms B the movement of phagocytes through walls of blood vessels C adherence of phagocytes to the lining of blood vessels D dilation of blood vessels E the chemotactic response of phagocytes Answer C 16 The alternative pathway for complement activation is initiated by A antigen antibody reactions B factors released from phagocytes C lipid carbohydrate complexes and C3 D factors released from damaged tissues E C5 C9 Answer C 17 Normal microbiota provide protection from infection in each of the following ways EXCEPT A they compete with pathogens for nutrients B they make the chemical environment unsuitable for nonresident bacteria C they change the pH of the environment D they produce lysozyme E they produce antibacterial chemicals Answer D 3 18 Lysozyme and the antibiotic penicillin have similar mechanisms of action in that they both cause damage to the bacterial A capsule B ribosomes C cell membrane D DNA E cell wall Answer E 19 A child falls and suffers a deep cut on her leg The cut went through her skin and she is bleeding Which of the following defense mechanisms will participate in eliminating contaminating microbes A normal skin flora B phagocytosis in the inflammatory response C acidic skin secretions D mucociliary escalator E lysozyme Answer B 20 All of the following are affects of histamine EXCEPT A vasodilation B pain C fever D redness E swelling Answer C 21 Innate immunity includes all of the following EXCEPT A production of antibody B inflammation C production of interferon D activation of complement E phagocytosis Answer A 22 Activation of C5 C9 results in A phagocytosis B inflammation C fixation of complement D lysis of microbial cells E activation of C3 Answer D 23 All of the following occur during inflammation What is the first step A repair B diapedesis C margination D vasodilation E phagocyte migration Answer D 4 24 All of the following protect the skin and mucous membranes from infection EXCEPT A HCl B saliva C the ciliary escalator D multiple layers of cells E tears Answer A 25 TLRs attach to all of the following EXCEPT A peptidoglycan B AMPs C PAMPs D LPS E flagellin Answer B 26 Which of the following statements about fixed macrophages is FALSE A They are cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system B They gather at sites of infection C They are mature monocytes D They develop from neutrophils E They are found in certain tissues and organs Answer D 27 Which of the following statements is TRUE A Beta interferon attacks invading viruses B Alpha interferon acts against specific viruses C All three types of interferons have the same effect on the body D Gamma interferon causes bactericidal activity by macrophages E Alpha interferon promotes phagocytosis Answer D 28 Which of the following exhibits the highest phagocytic activity A basophils B neutrophils C eosinophils D erythrocytes E macrophages Answer E 29 After ingesting a pathogen lysosomal enzymes produce all of the following EXCEPT A H2O2 B OH C O2 D complement E HOCl Answer D 5 30 Each of the following provides protection from phagocytic digestion EXCEPT A M protein B capsules C leukocidins D formation of phagolysosomes E biofilms Answer D 31 All of the following are effects of histamine EXCEPT A