Chapter 14 MULTIPLE CHOICE Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question 1 Which of the following can contribute to postoperative infections A errors in aseptic technique B using syringes more than once C antibiotic resistance D normal microbiota on the operating room staff E All of the answers are correct Answer E 2 The science that deals with when diseases occur and how they are transmitted is called A morbidity and mortality B ecology C communicable disease D epidemiology E public health Answer D 3 The major significance of Robert Koch s work is that A diseases can be transmitted from one animal to another B microorganisms are the result of disease C microorganisms are present in a diseased animal D microorganisms cause disease E microorganisms can be cultured Answer D 4 The yeast Candida albicans does not normally cause disease because of A parasitic bacteria B other fungi C commensal bacteria D symbiotic bacteria E antagonistic bacteria Answer E 5 Focal infections initially start out as A systemic infections B sepsis C bacteremia D septicemia E local infections Answer E 1 6 Which of the following definitions is INCORRECT A endemic a disease that is constantly present in a population B sporadic a disease that affects a population occasionally C epidemic a disease that is endemic across the world D pandemic a disease that affects a large number of people in the world in a short time E incidence number of new cases of a disease Answer C 7 Koch observed Bacillus anthracis multiplying in the blood of cattle What is this condition called A systemic infection B local infection C focal infection D bacteremia E septicemia Answer E 8 Which of the following statements about nosocomial infections is FALSE A They occur in compromised patients B The patient was infected before hospitalization C They may be caused by opportunists D They may be caused by drug resistant bacteria E They may be caused by normal microbiota Answer B Situation 14 1 During a six month period 239 cases of pneumonia occurred in a town of 300 people A clinical case was defined as fever 39 C lasting 2 days with three or more symptoms i e chills sweats severe headache cough aching muscles joints fatigue or feeling ill A laboratory confirmed case was defined as a positive result for antibodies against Coxiella burnetii Before the outbreak 2000 sheep were kept northwest of the town Of the 20 sheep tested from the flock 15 were positive for C burnetii antibodies Wind blew from the northwest and rainfall was 0 5 cm compared with 7 to 10 cm during each of the previous three years 9 The etiologic agent of the disease in Situation 14 1 is A sheep B wind C soil D pneumonia E Coxiella burnetii Answer E 10 The method of transmission of the disease in Situation 14 1 was A direct contact B vehicle C indirect contact D vector borne E droplet Answer B 2 11 Which of the following statements is TRUE A At least one member must benefit in a symbiotic relationship B Symbiosis refers to different organisms living together and benefiting from each other C At least one member must not benefit in a symbiotic relationship D A parasite is not in symbiosis with its host E Members of a symbiotic relationship cannot live without each other Answer A 12 In which of the following diseases can gender be considered a viable predisposing factor A urinary tract infections B pneumonia C salmonellosis D anthrax E tetanus Answer A 13 If a prodromal period exists for a certain disease it should occur prior to A illness B convalescence C decline D incubation Answer A 14 Which of the following definitions is INCORRECT A secondary infection a long lasting illness B inapparent infection characteristic of a carrier state C acute a short lasting primary infection D primary infection an initial illness E chronic a disease that develops slowly and lasts for months Answer A 15 Which of the following pairs is mismatched A malaria vector B influenza droplet infection C syphilis direct contact D salmonellosis vehicle transmission E None of the pairs is mismatched Answer E 16 Pseudomonas bacteria colonized the bile duct of a patient following his liver transplant surgery This is an example of a A latent infection B communicable disease C sporadic disease D nosocomial infection E None of the answers is correct Answer D 3 17 Biological transmission differs from mechanical transmission in that biological transmission A involves fomites B involves specific diseases C requires an arthropod D requires direct contact E works only with noncommunicable diseases Answer B 18 Which one of the following is NOT a zoonosis A tapeworm B cat scratch disease C Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome D rabies E None of the answers is correct all of these are zoonoses Answer E 19 Which of the following is NOT a verified exception in the use of Koch s postulates A Some diseases are noncommunicable B Some diseases have poorly defined etiologies C Some pathogens can cause several disease conditions D Some diseases are not caused by microbes E Some human diseases have no other known animal host Answer A 20 Which of the following is NOT a predisposing factor of disease A lifestyle B climate C genetic background D occupation E None of the answers are correct all of these are predisposing factors of disease Answer E 21 Symptoms of disease differ from signs of disease in that symptoms A are specific for a particular disease B are changes observed by the physician C are changes felt by the patient D always occur as part of a syndrome E None of the answers is correct Answer C 22 The rise in herd immunity amongst a population can directly attributed to A improved handwashing B increased use of antibiotics C antibiotic resistant microorganisms D vaccinations E None of the answers is correct Answer D 4 Situation 14 1 During a six month period 239 cases of pneumonia occurred in a town of 300 people A clinical case was defined as fever 39 C lasting 2 days with three or more symptoms i e chills sweats severe headache cough aching muscles joints fatigue or feeling ill A laboratory confirmed case was defined as a positive result for antibodies against Coxiella burnetii Before the outbreak 2000 sheep were kept northwest of the town Of the 20 sheep tested from the flock 15 were positive for C burnetii antibodies Wind blew from the northwest and rainfall was 0 5 cm compared with 7 to 10 cm during each of the previous three years 23 Situation 14 1 is an example of A a focal